A 32-year-old nonvegetarian man from a known cysticercosisendemic region of north India presented with blurriness on looking to the right. Covering one eye restored normal vision. Visual acuity and color vision were normal. He had had two generalized seizures in the previous 2 years for which he had not sought treatment. On examination, he could not abduct the right eye, considered to be a righ...

Primary abnormalities in the dystrophin gene underlie x-linked muscular dystrophy. However, the absence of the dystrophin isoform Dp427 does not necessarily result in a severe dystrophic phenotype in all muscle groups. Distal mdx muscles, namely extraocular and toe fibres, appear to represent a protected phenotype in muscular dystrophy. Thus, a comparative analysis of affected versus naturally ...

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of acquired superior oblique palsy (SOP) and corrective strabismus surgery on torsional optokinetic nystagmus (tOKN) in monkeys. METHODS The trochlear nerve was severed intracranially in two rhesus monkeys (M1 and M2). For each monkey, more than 4 months after the SOP, the ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle was denervated and extirpated. For M2, 4 months la...

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that can affect multiple organs. The lungs, eyes, and skin are known to be highly affected organs in sarcoidosis. There have been reports based on random muscle biopsy that 32-80% of systemic sarcoidosis comprises noncaseating granulomas; however, muscle involvement in sarcoidosis is generally asymptomatic and has an unknown frequency. We describe ...

BACKGROUND Individuals with cerebral palsy have smaller muscle volumes normalised to body mass than their typically developing peers. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between lower limb muscle volume and body mass in young people with bilateral cerebral palsy and their typically developing peers. METHODS Twenty-five participants with bilateral cerebral palsy (aged 14.7...

bell`s palsy is explained as a sudden paralysis/paresis of all muscle groups on one side of the face due to inflammation of facial nerve, the frequency of bell palsy in diabetic patients is a matter of controversy. there are some reports that refer to bell`s palsy as occurring more commonly in patients with diabetes, or even prediabetes. amosd, korczyn in his studies had shown that a high frequ...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the character and distribution of the abnormal muscle tonus in the body axis in progressive supranuclear palsy. Although neck hypertonus has been well described in progressive supranuclear palsy, little is known about the involvement of the truncal muscles. METHODS Muscle tonus of the neck and trunk was separately investigated in 13 patients with progressive supranuclea...

PURPOSE To present a previously unreported avulsion-type injury of the rectus muscle, usually the inferior rectus, and detail its diagnosis and operative repair. METHODS Thirty-five patients underwent repair of flap tears of 42 rectus muscles. The muscle abnormality was often subtle, with narrowing or thinning of the remaining attached global layer of muscle. The detached flap of external (or...

INTRODUCTION Extraocular muscle tenotomy has been reported to damp congenital nystagmus in an achiasmatic sheepdog. We performed extraocular muscle tenotomy to evaluate its effects on congenital nystagmus in primates. METHODS Magnetic search coil eye movement recordings were used to document the presence of horizontal congenital nystagmus in 2 adult macaque monkeys that also had naturally occ...