The tail behavior of sums of dependent risks was considered by Wüthrich (2003) and by Alink et al. (2004, 2005) in the case where the variables are exchangeable and connected through an Archimedean copula model. It is shown here how their result can be extended to a broader class of dependence structures using multivariate extreme-value theory. An explicit form is given for the asymptotic proba...

Expander graphs are known to facilitate effective routing and most real-world networks have expansion properties. At the other extreme, it has been shown that in some special graphs, removing certain edges can lead to more efficient routing. This phenomenon is known as Braess’s paradox and is usually regarded as a rare event. In contrast to what one might expect, we show that Braess’s paradox i...

One of the pivotal roles in XP is the customer, but little guidance is provided in the literature on the practicalities of succeeding in this role. We used an interpretative in-depth case study to explore a successful XP project. We obtained multiple perspectives on the implementation of the customer role, and this paper includes excerpts from interviews with the customer and other development ...

In the present paper, the numerical calculation of transonic equilibria, first introduced with the FLOW code in Guazzotto et al. [Phys. Plasmas 11, 604 (2004)], is critically reviewed. In particular, the necessity and effect of imposing explicit jump conditions at the transonic discontinuity are investigated. It is found that “standard” (low-b, large aspect ratio) transonic equilibria satisfy t...

t first sight, using retinectomy for treating glaucoma seemed extreme , even when most of the eyes treated were legally blind. More than 20 years ago, Robert Machemer described performing retinotomy to relieve traction in two patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretin-opathy (PVR). 1 At the time retinotomy was considered extreme and surgically the last resort. Sev...

The consistency of the estimator is obtained by a direct application of the the Law of Large Numbers (LLN) as ξ is bounded. The total probability

Copulas are a useful tool for understanding relationships among multivariate variables, and are important tools for describing the dependence structure between random variables, with different copulas representing different dependencies. Since the study of dependence is critically important in Statistics in order to carry out reliable analyses, understanding and applying results from copulas ca...

Extreme and non-extreme response styles (RSs) are prevalent in survey research using Likert-type scales. Their effects on measurement invariance (MI) in the context of confirmatory factor analysis are systematically investigated here via a Monte Carlo simulation study. Using the parameter estimates obtained from analyzing a 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study data set, a ...