To the Editor: Hippo et al. (1) have recently reported in an article published by Cancer Research that glypican-3 (GPC3) is a serologic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results published by Hippo et al. basically confirm the findings reported previously by our laboratory (2) and by Nakatsura et al. (3). The fact that three independent laboratories using different anti-GPC3 antibodi...

NATIVE KIDNEY ACUTE RENAL FAILURE (ARF) occurs in 2–5% of hospitalized patients and is associated with high mortality (11). Allograft ARF occurs in 30–50% of deceased donor kidney transplants and leads to longer hospital stays, a higher incidence of acute rejection, and reduced long-term graft survival (13). There is no specific therapy for ARF except for supportive care. A surge of evidence ov...

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Rofstad et al. (1) report on the significance of chronic (diffusion-limited) and acute (fluctuating or perfusion-limited) hypoxia in D-12 and R-18 human melanoma xenografts on the development of metastatic disease. That tumors may contain different subpopulations of hypoxic cells has been known for many years. Early work showed that hypoxia can affect...

ONE OF THE OLDEST ASSAYS for identifying stem cells, DNA analog pulse-chase studies date back more than 60 years (2). The concept derives from the observation that stem cells divide only rarely to preserve their proliferative potential and reduce DNA errors that occur during chromosome duplication (1). The assay consists of two parts: a pulse of DNA analog [bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or tritiated...

The synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), regardless of synthesis route, also generates significant amounts of undesired impurities such as catalyst particles, amorphous carbon, and graphitic particles. The need for pure samples is important and for certain applications or studies is paramount. A variety of postsynthesis purification procedures have been developed to remove impurit...

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Ouyang et al. (1) present evidence suggesting that BRAF is a therapeutic target in thyroid cancer. Previous studies have shown that BRAF is mutated in a high proportion of thyroid cancers, but the therapeutic implications of this have not been investigated. In this article, Ouyang et al. show that small-molecule inhibitors of BRAF can block the growth...

James Allen in [AZZ2] formulated a calculus of convex time intervals, which is being applied to commonsense reasoning by Allen, Pat Hayes, Henry Kautz and others [AZZKuu, AZZHay]. For many purposes in AI, we need more general time intervals. We present a taxonomy of important binary relations between intervals which are unions of convex intervals, and we provide examples of these relations appl...

4 Non-technical summary 5 1 Introduction 7 2 Related literature 11 3 The model 14 3.1 Setup 14 3.2 Stationary equilibria 18 4 Characterizing equilibrium flows and returns 19 4.1 The evolution of beliefs 20 4.2 Optimal portfolio choice 22 4.3 Equilibrium prices, predictability and hedging 24 4.4 Equilibrium flows and returns 26 5 Data 29 5.1 Dividends 29 5.2 Equity flows 32 5.2.1 Data sources 32...

Previous work supports the existence of two types of d opioid receptor (d1 and d2) and a role of both subtypes in the spinal cord and the ventromedial medulla (VMM) in the production of antinociception. Although it is well established that spinal and supraspinal m opioid receptors interact in a synergistic manner to produce antinociception, little is known about the interaction of d opioid rece...