in this paper, we focus on a continuously deteriorating critical equipment which its failure cannot be measured by cost criterion. for these types of systems like military systems, nuclear systems, etc it is extremely important to avoid failure during the actual operation of the system. in this paper we propose an approach which constrains failure probability to a pre-specified value. this valu...

researchers suggested that the individual fit test be conducted to estimate the protection effectiveness of workers’ hearing protection device (hpd) while working. practically, it is convenient to conduct single, instead of multiple, fit test measurement. this study examined if a single trial of earplug fit test can represent multiple performances. additionally, it investigated how much noise e...

attentional demands and individuals’ cognitive failure are hypothesized to be determinant factors for workload assessment and job analysis, although previous researches have focused merely on one aspect of attentional demands. the objective of this study was to investigate the degree to which various attentional paradigms would be demanding to the participants with different levels of cognitive...

introduction: chronic renal disease (c.r.d) is a pathophysiological process due to progressive and irreversible decrease in number and function of nephrons in the kidney. anemia is one of the most important complications in crd patients. anemia is caused mainly due to diminished production of erythropoietin (epo), which is treated by weekly injection of the epo. l-carnitine added to epo can inc...

background: quality of life (qol) assessment in patients on chronic hemodialysis (hd) or peritoneal dialysis (pd) has rarely been carried out. the aim of this study was to assess the quality of life during hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment in patients referred to teaching hospitals in urmia, iran. methods: all chronic hd and pd patients in taleghani and imam khomeini teaching hospi...

conclusions since family-centered empowerment interventions can determine the training- and treatment-related needs of patients and are low cost and effective, they may help parents promote their children’s self-efficacy and qol. results the mean age of the children was 10.2 and 10.5 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. the duration of the disease was five years in both g...

the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (ckd), as defined by the nfk-kdoqi (the national kidney foundation kidney disease outcomes quality initiative) guidelines, is a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of microalbuminuria. ckd is increasing worldwide, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. there is general agreement on the importance of an ...