Cuttlefish are colour blind yet they appear to produce colour-coordinated patterns for camouflage. Under natural in situ lighting conditions in southern Australia, we took point-by-point spectrometry measurements of camouflaged cuttlefish, Sepia apama, and various natural objects in the immediate visual surrounds to quantify the degree of chromatic resemblance between cuttlefish and backgrounds...

Given two documents A and B we define two mathematical notions: their resemblance r(A,B) and their containment c(A,B) that seem to capture well the informal notions of “roughly the same” and “roughly contained.” The basic idea is to reduce these issues to set intersection problems that can be easily evaluated by a process of random sampling that can be done independently for each document. Furt...

We will investigate patterns of resemblance of order 2 over a family of arithmetic structures on the ordinals. In particular, we will show that they determine a computable well ordering under appropriate assumptions. This paper continues the investigation into the patterns formed by embeddings between initial segments of structures on the ordinals. The goals are twofold: to eventually find an u...

The classification of organisms is a daily-basis task in biology as well as other contexts. This process is usually carried out by comparing a set of descriptors associated with each object. However, general-purpose statistical packages offer a limited number of methods to perform such a comparison, and specific tools are required for each concrete problem. Weka is a freely-available framework ...

We apply nine analytic methods employed currently in imaging neuroscience to simulated and actual BOLD fMRI signals and compare their performances under each signal type. Starting with baseline time series generated by a resting subject during a null hypothesis study, we compare method performance with embedded focal activity in these series of three different types whose magnitudes and time co...

This is an introductory tutorial on distance and similarity measures. In information retrieval, a distance is a metric that denotes dissimilarity or lack of resemblance while similarity is a measure of resemblance.