We measured the polarization-resolved angular elastic scattering intensity distribution of aggregates composed of primary particles with different shapes and packing densities in the near-backward directions (155°-180°). Specifically, we compare aggregates composed of spherical polystyrene latex spheres, cylinder-like Bacillus subtilis particles, and Arizona road dust, as well as tryptophan par...

We consider a disordered two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling placed in a perpendicular magnetic field and calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric-field-induced spin polarization. We find that in strong magnetic fields the polarization becomes an oscillatory function of the magnetic field and that the amplitude of these oscillations is parametrically larger than t...

It was recently demonstrated that a photonic crystal slab can function as a mirror for externally incident light along a normal direction with near-complete reflectivity over a broad wavelength range. We analyze the angular and polarization properties of such photonic crystal slab mirror, and show such reflectivity occurs over a sizable angular range for both polarizations. We also show that su...

We introduce a prototype model for globally coupled oscillators in which each element is given an oscillation frequency and a preferential oscillation direction (polarization), both randomly distributed. We found two collective transitions: to phase synchronization and to polarization ordering. Introducing a global-phase and polarization order parameters, we show that the transition to global-p...

During cell migration, cells become polarized, change their shape, and move in response to various internal and external cues. Cell polarization is defined through the spatio-temporal organization of molecules such as PI3K or small GTPases, and is determined by intracellular signaling networks. It results in directional forces through actin polymerization and myosin contractions. Many existing ...

The statistical characteristics of the angular power distribution of the wireless channel in mine tunnels are the concern of this paper. Firstly, we develop a ray-based channel model which provides the angular power spectrum (APS) in tunnels. We discuss the allowed rays existing in a tunnel based on the modal theory. The number of the allowed rays is limited. The directions of the rays are disc...

This paper examines transfer-function based techniques for performing direction finding on a source of electromagnetic energy using a passive vector sensor array whose manifold is only nominally known. This problem is studied in the context of a situation in which the source can be observed from multiple look angles, as would be the case for an airborne array. The calibration algorithms examine...

Water maser polarization observations in the precessing jet of W43A have revealed that it is magnetically collimated. Here we present a detailed description of the physical properties of the water maser environment in the jet. We discuss the maser saturation level and beaming angle as well as the intrinsic temperatures and densities. Additionally, we show that the polarization angle of the stro...

A freely tunable polarization rotator for broadband terahertz waves is demonstrated using a three-rotating-layer metallic grating structure, which can conveniently rotate the polarization of a linearly polarized terahertz wave to any desired direction with nearly perfect conversion efficiency. This low-cost, high-efficiency, and freely tunable device has potential applications as material analy...

Hemodynamic shear stresses cause endothelial cells (ECs) to polarize in the plane of the flow. Paradoxically, under strong shear flows, ECs disassemble their primary cilia, common sensors of shear, and thus must use an alternative mechanism of sensing the strength and direction of flow. In our experiments in microfluidic perfusion chambers, confluent ECs developed planar cell polarity at a rate...