Introduction: Recognition of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is of importance for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Any HLA-mismatches between the donor and recipient can cause graft rejection or other complications. In HLA-typing experiments, usage of HLA-known reference cells accompany with HLA-unknown samples is obligatory. Some international centers represent these cells with high e...

objective(s): nowadays much effort is being invested in order to diagnose the mechanisms involved in neural differentiation. by clarifying this, making desired neural cells in vitro and applying them into diverse neurological disorders suffered from neural cell malfunctions could be a feasible choice. thus, the present study assessed the capability of fetal brain extract (fbe) to induce rat bon...

The heart is the first organ to be functionally established during development, thus initiating blood circulation very early in gestation. Besides transporting oxygen and nutrients ensure fetal growth, controls many crucial developmental events taking place within endothelial layer through mechanical cues. Biomechanical signals induce vessel structural changes, establish arteriovenous specifica...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present study review examines the current understanding of the ontogeny of erythropoiesis with a focus on the emergence of the embryonic (primitive) erythroid lineage and on the similarities and differences between the primitive and the fetal/adult (definitive) forms of erythroid cell maturation. RECENT FINDINGS Primitive erythroid precursors in the mouse embryo and cult...

During early mouse embryogenesis, fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1), a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor, and Runx1, a runt domain transcription factor, have prerequisite roles in the generation of hematopoietic lineages. Flk-1 expression is maintained in successive stages from mesodermal to endothelial cells and is down-regulated in nascent hematopoietic cells, whereas Runx1 (Runt-rel...

During the early weeks of human gestation, hematopoietic cells first emerge within the extraembryonic yolk sac (primitive hematopoiesis) and secondarily within the truncal arteries of the embryo. This second wave includes the stem cells giving rise to adult-type lymphohematopoiesis. In both yolk sac blood islands and embryonic aorta, hematopoietic cells arise in the immediate vicinity of vascul...

: This article describes a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible, feeder-free and serum-free method to produce large numbers of erythroid cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), either embryonic or induced. This multistep protocol combines cytokines and small molecules to mimic and surpass the early stages of development. It produces, without any selection or sorting step, a pop...

Bachgroun: Hematopoietic stem cell derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used for regenerative medicine in hematological abnormalities. MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression that control both physiological and pathological processes such as development of tissue and cancer. Some studies have shown that miR-33, has a critical role in control of self-renewal cells. He...

the identification of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) derived from adult human tissues such as bone marrow and connective tissues has provided exciting prospects for cell-based tissue engineering and regeneration. this review article focuses on the biology of mscs, their differentiation potentials in vitro and in vivo, and their application in tissue engineering. our current unders...

Currently little is known about the mechanisms regulating the homing and the early engraftment of prenatally transplanted hematopoietic cells due to the lack of a relevant functional assay. In this study, we have defined a reproducible kinetic profile of the homing and the early engraftment events in a murine model of prenatal stem cell transplantation. Light density mononuclear cells (LDMCs) f...