The Doppler effect is the preferred technique in fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring devices. The main objective of the recent studies on the Doppler FHR has been to improve the accuracy. On the other hand, a reliable fetal heart simulator becomes essential for testing Doppler FHR monitoring devices. The motivation of this study is to design a reliable system that will be used to test Doppler FHR...

BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that analysis of the ST waveform of the fetal electrocardiogram provides information on the fetal response to hypoxia. We did a multicentre randomised controlled trial to test the hypothesis that intrapartum monitoring with cardiotocography combined with automatic ST-waveform analysis results in an improved perinatal outcome compared with cardiotocography al...

This editorial article reviews some of the mathematical foundations which form the basis of ultrasound screening for fetal growth anomalies and the estimation of gestational age in the first trimester. Recent developments are discussed including individually fitted crown rump length (CRL) curves, customized antenatal growth charts, fetal growth velocity, and computer simulation for fetal growth...

Primary fetal hydrothorax is a relatively rare disorder, occurring in 1 out of 15,000 pregnancies, but connected with high perinatal mortality. In the event of little or no progress of the effusion or stable clinical course, conservative management seems to be the most appropriate course of action. In nearly half of the cases, a placement of only one pleuroamniotic shunt enables a total regress...

The aim of intrapartum continuous electronic fetal monitoring using a cardiotocograph (CTG) is to identify a fetus exposed to intrapartum hypoxic insults so that timely and appropriate action could be instituted to improve perinatal outcome. Features observed on a CTG trace reflect the functioning of somatic and autonomic nervous systems and the fetal response to hypoxic or mechanical insults d...

Cardiotocographic (CTG) fetal monitoring based on automated analysis of the fetal heart rate signal is widely used for fetal assessment. The high efficiency in diagnosis of cases with no fetal risk makes it a valuable screening method. However, the conclusion generation system is still needed to improve the fetal outcome prediction. Classification of the CTG records by means of neural networks ...

The fetal monitoring is based on a fetal heart rhythm analysis, and aimed at the detection of early symptoms of the intrauterine fetal hypoxia. The most often used method for acquisition of the fetal heart rate (FHR) during pregnancy is the Doppler ultrasound technique. When a penetrating beam is reflected from the moving parts, like valves of the fetal heart, its frequency is shifted according...

Ultrasound examinations offer the possibility to monitor fetal growth and estimate weight, but reference data for such techniques in pigs are rare. The aim of this study was therefore identify suitable anatomical structures monitoring physiological dynamics by ultrasound weight using appropriate mathematical models. For purpose, 198 fetuses 15 primiparous Landrace sows were examined on days 36,...