Background: Labor dystocia (LD) is defined by the slow and abnormal progress of labor. Failure to in labor leading indication for 1ry cesarean delivery approximately 80% American women will eventually have at least one child, majority these undergo “Labor dystocia” encompasses a variety concepts, ranging from “abnormally” dilation cervix or descent fetus during active entrapment fetal shoulders...

Most manipulation experiments simulating global change in tundra were short-term or did not measure plant growth directly. Here, we assessed the growth of three shrubs (Cassiope tetragona, Empetrum hermaphroditum and Betula nana) at a subarctic heath in Abisko (Northern Sweden) after 22 years of warming (passive greenhouses), fertilisation (nutrients addition) and shading (hessian fabric), and ...

In the early human fetus the arms are much longer than the legs. At birth, arms and legs are almost equal in length. In the young adolescent the legs are longer than the arms. This progressive reversal in proportions reflects evolutionary changes wrought over many millions of years. The gluteal musdes of the newborn infant are notably under-developed, a condition comparable to that of the chimp...

The greatly increased tetramer strength of liganded fetal hemoglobin compared with adult hemoglobin is shown by its 70-fold smaller tetramer-dimer dissociation constant. This property has been shown previously to be only partially caused by the 5-amino-acid differences at both types of interfaces in each hemoglobin. A major contributor to tetramer strengthening is the 18-amino-acid N-terminal A...

background: one of the first‑line assessment tools for fetal surveillance is nonstress test (nst), although it is limited by a high rate of false‑nonreactive results. this study was performed to investigate if external stimulation from vibroacoustic and halogen light could help in provoking fetal responsiveness and altering nst results. materials and methods: this is a clinical trial. sampling ...

background: opium is one of the most commonly abused opiates in developing countries including iran. considering the importance of maternal health on the newborn, we aimed to assess the effect of opium abuse on fetal heart rate (fhr) characteristics in a sample of pregnant women in zahedan, southeast iran. methods: this cross-sectional study was done on 100 pregnant women referring to ali-ibn-a...