The transmitted current in a crossed̄eld gap has been characterized analytically by a number of authors [1], [4], [6] and [7]. Using a one dimensional PIC simulation, PDP1 [9], we explore the behavior of the crossed̄eld diode at B = BHull. For mono-energetic (cold) emission, a rapid reduction of transmitted current is observed when the injected current exceeds the critical current by just 1%. Add...

The development of high performance nano-electron-emitter arrays with well reliability still proves challenging. Here, we report a featured integrated nano-electron-emitter. The vertically aligned nano-emitter consists of two segments. The top segment is an intrinsically lightly n-type doped ZnO nano-tip, while the bottom segment is a heavily p-type doped Si nano-pillar (denoted as p-Si/ZnO nan...

the near field ground motions have a high amplitude pulse like at the beginning of the seismogram which are significantly influenced by the rupture mechanism and direction of rupture propagation. this type of ground motion cause higher demands for engineering structures and its response spectrum is dramatically different than far field spectra. tabriz is one of the ancient cities in azerbaijan ...

in this research, we have studied the structural propenies of water. methanol and ethanol surrounding snidewalledcarbon nanotube (swcnt) and mixed of them either and we have investigated the solvent effects onthe relative energies and dipole moment values by ming molecular dynamics simulation. we used differentforce field it, deterrnaned energy and other type of geometrical parameters, on the p...

IMPATT (IMPact Avalanche ionization and Transit Time) diodes are principal active elements for use in millimetric generators. Semiconductor structures suitable for fabrication of continuos-mode IMPATT diodes have been well known for a long time (Scharfetter & Gummel, 1969; Howes & Morgan, 1976). They have been utilized successfully in many applications in microwave engineering. The possibilitie...

Atmospheric propagation experiments at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory utilize a 150 KA, 6 MV relativistic electron beam produced by field emission in a foil diode. To characterize the beam for the experiments requires an understanding of beam formation in the diode. To this end CCUBE, a sophisticated two-dimensional, time dependent, particle-in-cell code developed at Los Alamos National Labor...