Assessment of skin dose delivered to patients from radiotherapy x-ray beams should be performed both inside and outside the prescribed treatment fields. A multilayer Gafchromic film detector which has high sensitivity for detection of radiation can be used to measure skin dose in a two-dimensional map over the skin surface if required. This is an advantage over other detectors, which only provi...

Chemoradiotherapy is the most common treatment for inoperable esophageal cancer. However, there is no consensus on the delineation of the clinical target volume. Elective nodal irradiation (ENI) is recommended for inoperable esophageal cancer. A few studies have reported a decrease in the incidence of radiation-related toxicity of involved-field irradiation (IFI) for esophageal cancer. A system...

Recently, TiO2/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid nanocatalysts have been a subject of high interest due to their excellent structures, large surface areas and peculiar optical properties, which enhance their photocatalytic performance. In this work, a modified microwave technique was used to rapidly synthesise a TiO2/MWCNT nanocatalyst with a large surface area. X-ray powder diffracti...

In the last decade an increasing number of reports are published in which UV laser micro irradiation (UVLM) is used as a new tool to generate DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in localized regions within single nuclei [1]. Until then only heavy ions (HI) were known for their ability to induce DSBs in strictly localized areas of cell nuclei [2], but compared to UVLM systems the experimental handli...

Recently, it has been shown that irradiation with swift heavy ions can trigger [1] or also prevent [2] phase transitions in oxides at static high pressure and outside the equilibrium stability field [3]. At GSI, several experiments were conducted in order to probe the influence of applied pressure of up to 25 GPa on the irradiation behaviour of various materials [2, 3]. We decided to study effe...

Controlled modification of appropriate sharpness for nanotips is of paramount importance to develop novel materials and functional devices at a nanometer resolution. Herein, we present a reliable and unique strategy of laser irradiation enhanced physicochemical etching to manufacture super sharp tungsten tips with reproducible shape and dimension as well as high yields (~80%). The corresponding...

The electrical characteristics of dual N-channel enhancement metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) were altered by irradiating with 8 MeV electron beam for different doses ranging from 200 Gy to 1 kGy at ambient air. The irradiation experiments were conducted with gate bias (VGS = −2, 0, +1.5 and +2 V). Significant increase in transconductance (gm) was observed after irra...

Chest irradiation is associated with numerous early and late complications that arise from ionizing radiation-induced damage to cellular structures within the field of therapy. In patients exposed to chest irradiation at an early age as part of the treatment of childhood cancer, specifically Hodgkin's lymphoma, the increased risk of breast cancer in the long run should be considered. A case of ...

Several proposals to construct artificial photoresponsive polymer systems have been described. chromophores in the backbone reversibly changed the conformation by ultraviolet light irradiation(410 > > 350 nm), which causes the trans to cis isomerization of the chromophores. Aqueous solutions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with pendant azobenzene chromophores showed a photostimulated phase separ...

Patients and methods: Between January 1982 and December 1998, 2,358 patients < 30 years were enrolled in 3 paediatric and 5 adult protocols. Paediatric protocols were based on ABVD, MOPP-ABVP, OPPA-COOP or VBVP and 20 Gy involved-field irradiation (IFRT) after good response to chemotherapy. Adult protocols were based on mantle or subtotal nodal irradiation alone or a combination of MOPP, ABVD, ...