There is ample evidence that blockade of CB(1) receptors reduces reward seeking. However, the reported effects of CB(1) blockade on performance for rewarding electrical brain stimulation stand out as an exception. By applying a novel method for conceptualizing and measuring reward seeking, we show that AM-251, a CB(1) receptor antagonist, does indeed decrease performance for rewarding electrica...

Circuit Breakers (CBs) are critical components in power system for reliability and protection. To assure their accurate performance, a comprehensive condition assessment is of an imminent importance. Based on dynamic resistance measurement (DRM), this paper discusses a simple yet effective fuzzy approach for evaluating CB’s electrical contacts condition. According to 300 test results obta...

In this paper, we propose a methodology for constructing uncertainty sets within the framework of robust optimization for linear optimization problems with uncertain parameters. Our approach relies on decision-maker risk preferences. Specifically, we utilize the theory of coherent risk measures initiated by Artzner et al. [3], and show that such risk measures, in conjunction with the support of...

The choice of a finitely supported distribution is viewed as a degenerate bilinear form on the polynomials in the spectral parameter z and the matrix representing multiplication by z in terms of an orthogonal basis is constructed. It is then shown that the same induced time dependence for finitely supported distributions which gives the ith KP flow under the dual isomorphism induces the ith flo...

This paper investigates expressivity of modal logics for transition systems, multitransition systems, Markov chains, and Markov processes, as coalgebras of the powerset, finitely supported multiset, finitely supported distribution, and measure functor, respectively. Expressivity means that logically indistinguishable states, satisfying the same formulas, are behaviourally indistinguishable. The...

Given a finite alphabet X and an ordering ≺ on the letters, the map σ≺ sends each monomial on X to the word that is the ordered product of the letter powers in the monomial. Motivated by a question on Gröbner bases, we characterize ideals I in the free commutative monoid (in terms of a generating set) such that the ideal 〈σ≺(I)〉 generated by σ≺(I) in the free monoid is finitely generated. Wheth...

The carotid body (CB) is the primary hypoxic chemosensory organ. Its hypoxic response appears to be genetically controlled. We have hypothesized that: 1) genes related to CB function are expressed less in the A/J mice (low responder to hypoxia) compared with DBA/2J mice (high responder to hypoxia); and 2) gene expression levels of morphogenic and trophic factors of the CB are significantly lowe...

Form an $n \times n$ matrix by drawing entries independently from $\{\pm1\}$ (or another fixed nontrivial finitely supported distribution in $\mathbf{Z}$) and let $\phi$ be the characteristic polynomial. Conditionally on extended Riemann hypothesis, with high probability is irreducible $\mathrm{Gal}(\phi) \geq A_n$.

The carotid body (CB) is an arterial chemoreceptor, bearing specialized type I cells that respond to hypoxia by closing specific K+ channels and releasing neurotransmitters to activate sensory axons. Despite having detailed information on the electrical and neurochemical changes triggered by hypoxia in CB, the knowledge of the molecular components involved in the signalling cascade of the hypox...