School fires are causes of concern in many countries. Although most these minor terms heat release rate, the amount smoke produced can be substantial and cause significant damage beyond room origin. Currently, Norwegian schools have a wide spread different ventilation strategies systems, building owners struggle with how to test, maintain keep them fire safe. A systematic survey incidences for ...

1. introduction many of citizens living in urban areas are exposed to many dangers which the main result of the fire. among the elements of fire stations and land use services - emergency towns which are vital role in protecting life and property against various disasters, particularly hazards are human. city of safety against fire hazards and safety guarantees in different land uses and urban ...

BACKGROUND Deaths and injuries related to fires are largely preventable events. In the UK, a plethora of community-based fire safety initiatives have been introduced over the last 25 years, often led by fire and rescue services, to address this issue. This paper focuses on one such initiative--home safety assessments (HSAs). Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service (in England) implemented a uniquely l...

For assessing the performance of fire fighting means with emphasis on human actions, an integrated deterministic probabilistic safety analysis (IDPSA) was performed. This analysis allows for a quite realistic modelling and simulation of the interaction of the fire dynamics with relevant stochastic influences which refer, in the presented application, to the timing and outcome of human actions a...

Mountains are popular tourist destinations due to their climate, fresh atmosphere, breathtaking sceneries, and varied topography. However, they at times exposed accidents, such as fire caused natural hazards human activities. Such unforeseen accidents have a social, economic, environmental impact on mountain towns worldwide. Protecting mountains from is also very challenging in terms of the hig...

Abstract Fire, as a catastrophe that endangers the survival of human beings, is receiving more and attention. People hope to find way detect fires in advance, so they can extinguish early, minimize damage protect people Safety life property. Fire occurs almost simultaneously with use fire, development society, material wealth increases, causing greater harm. In particular, cities have character...

A flashover occurs when a fire spreads very rapidly through crevices due to intense heat. Flashovers present one of the most frightening and challenging fire phenomena to those who regularly encounter them: firefighters. Firefighters’ safety and lives often depend on their ability to predict flashovers before they occur. Typical pre-flashover fire characteristics include dark smoke, high heat, ...

Fire occurrence, which is examined in terms of fire density (number of fire/km2) in this paper, has a close correlation with multiple spatiotemporal factors that include environmental, physical, and other socioeconomic predictors. Spatial autocorrelation exists widely and should be considered seriously for modeling the occurrence of fire in urban areas. Therefore, spatial econometric models (SE...