Principles of connection minimization in the nervous system apply not only to complete neural systems but also to smaller subsystems such as rat olfactory cortex and rat amygdala. These subsystems have a three-dimensional organization, rather than previously-studied two-dimensional and one-dimensional schemes. Nonetheless, wire-cost savings show optimality at similar levels, suggesting neural o...

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive intervention recognised as a core component in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1]. Comorbidities are highly prevalent in patients with COPD entering PR [2–4], which may be associated with the change in exercise performance and health status after PR [3–5]. Nonetheless, previous studies used self-report...

Introduction Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of mortality preventable by immunization, yet pneumococcal immunization is underutilized. Influenza and pneumococcal disease accounted for approximately 3400 deaths per year in the US senior population between 1990 and 1999. In such cases, death results from pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia but can be prevented with a safe vaccine. Nonethe...

Much recent progress has been made theoretically and computationally towards understanding the importance of conical intersections for chemical reactions. Nonetheless, experimental characterization of conical intersections has proven extremely difficult with one striking exception: the Jahn-Teller conical intersection. This article overviews the fundamental similarity of a variety of conical in...

The authors regret that some of the values in Tables 2e4 were rounded up incorrectly in the original article. The corrected values are in the tables below. While this omission does not change the conclusions, it is nonetheless an issue for colleagues who wish to calculate the individuals' scores in detail. The authors would also like to note that the CFPT inversion index in Table 4 was expresse...

Lymphangiomas are rare benign congenital tumours, involving both the head and the neck and causing obstructing symptoms in the upper airways as well as aesthetic anomalies. In recent years, sclerosing therapy with OK-432 has become the treatment of choice in the management of these lymphatic malformations. Nonetheless, surgery still seems to be the therapy advocated for resolution of symptoms. ...

In these notes we collect some useful facts about sheaves of modules on a ringed space that are either left as exercises in [Har77] or omitted completely. Most of these observations can be found in [Gro60], which is of course always the best reference. Nonetheless it may be useful for the reader to have an english reference when these points arise in our other notes on algebraic geometry. These...

The life of Tillie Lewis exemplifies key moments in American food history from the rise of the canning industry to wartime rations to the craze for diet food. Her biography was consciously manipulated and fashioned through the years to make it a quintessential rags-to-riches story. Nonetheless, her accomplishments stand out, marking her as a brilliantly successful woman in an industry dominated...

Vertebral augmentation is a minimally invasive but sometimes technically challenging intervention typically reserved for the treatment of older patients with painful vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis or neoplasms. We report the successful treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures of the first lumbar vertebral body (L1) using kyphoplasty in a paraplegic young pa...

Midline neck lumps are commonly recognized in clinical practice. Nonetheless, we present an unusual case of a 24-year-old Bangladeshi man who has a slowly growing midline neck lump. The characteristic lump did not move on swallowing and was more pronounced on coughing suggesting an external laryngocoele as a main differential. The patient underwent urgent surgical excision of the lump. Further ...