UNLABELLED Elbow trauma is challenging to manage by virtue of its complex articular structure and capsuloligamentous and musculotendinous arrangements. We included 17 patients with elbow dislocation and associated injuries in this study. The study protocol included early elbow reduction and planned fixation of the medial or lateral condyle, coronoid and radial head. The sample was 73% male and ...

Taking a test during learning enhances later retention more than spending equivalent time restudying the same materials (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). In the study, we first recorded participants’ eye movements in a paired-associate learning task while they were re-studying or tested for immediate cue recall. Testing prompted final item memory but not memory for its associated location. Participa...

Grade 3C open femur fractures are challenging injuries with higher rates of complications. This is a retrospective review of grade 3C open femur fractures with vascular repair between 2002 and 2012. Outcomes included initial MESS score, additional injuries, duration of operation, complications, secondary operations or amputations, and social life implications. Thirty-one of 39 total patients we...

Background; Vertical shear fractures of the medial malleolus occur through supination–adduction loading talus onto articular surface malleolus, Aim and objectives; to assess radiological functional outcomes open reduction internal fixation with antiglide plate vertical fracture, Subjects methods; This prospective case series study was carried out at Orthopedics Departments Al-Azhar University H...

We generate space-time coupled attosecond pulse trains with a 1.8 μm wavelength laser pulse using the ‘attosecond lighthouse’ technique. We show low divergence, spatially well-separated beamlets from low ionization potential gas media. We also find that there is little long trajectory contribution—only the short trajectory contribution is clearly visible for any beamlet. These results open a ne...

This work describes a cryogenic, electro-optically -switched Yb:YAG laser that generates 114-W average TEM power with 47% optical-to-optical efficiency. Pulse repetition frequency is 5 kHz, pulse duration is 16 ns full-width at half-maximum, and is less than 1.05.

We investigated the way in which binocular coordination in reading is affected by the spatial structure of text. Vergence eye movements were measured (EyeLink II) in 32 observers while they read 120 single German sentences (Potsdam Sentence Corpus) silently for comprehension. The similarity in shape between the neighboring strokes of component letters, as measured by the first peak in the horiz...

Remote associates problems (RAP) have been widely used to measure creative processes. However, studies have rarely explored the RAP processes. The main purpose of this study was to record eye movements while solving RAP. The results show that: (1) The mean fixation duration increases throughout the problem-solving process, which indicates that more problem solvers encounter impasses. This resul...

Across five experiments this study investigated the disparity tuning of the stereoscopic motion aftereffect (adaptation from moving retinal disparity). Adapting and test stimuli were moving and stationary stereoscopic grating patterns, respectively, created from dynamic random-dot stereograms. Observers adapted to moving stereoscopic grating patterns presented with a given disparity and viewed ...

We reviewed seven children with torticollis due to refractory atlanto-axial rotatory fixation who were treated in a halo vest. Pre-operative three-dimensional CT and sagittal CT imaging showed deformity of the superior articular process of C2 in all patients. The mean duration of halo vest treatment was 67 days (46 to 91). The mean follow-up was 34 months (8 to 73); at the latest review six pat...