In the flagellate Trichomonas, the Golgi apparatus is present in the form of an organelle which has long been called the parabasal body. This term was applied before it was recognized that the structure is a Golgi system. The parabasal body is a long, cylindrical organelle, about 1 pu in diameter and, in one species (T. gigantea), up to 200 y long. It has the typical fine structure of a Golgi b...

Glacier-fed rivers are among the most sensitive and endangered habitat types nowadays. Their upper reaches are located within areas of economic interest (e.g. skiing and glacier skiing, hydropower generation), but also within protected areas such as, for example, National Parks worldwide (e.g. Hohe Tauern, Pyrenees, Rocky Mountains). The majority of glacial river studies has focused on the macr...

Indirect immunofluorescence with the monoclonal antibody, BN5.1, labels the nucleolus of amebae of the amebo-flagellate Naegleria gruberi. When amebae differentiate into flagellates, BN5.1 binds to nucleoli and to the basal body region. The BN5.1 antigen is not present in basal bodies when basal bodies form at about 60 min after initiation of the differentiation or when flagella form at about 7...

The demarcation of protist kingdoms is reviewed, a complete revised classification down to the level of subclass is provided for the kingdoms Protozoa, Archezoa, and Chromista, and the phylogenetic basis of the revised classification is outlined. Removal of Archezoa because of their ancestral absence of mitochondria, peroxisomes, and Golgi dictyosomes makes the kingdom Protozoa much more homoge...

UNLABELLED Many polarly flagellated bacteria require similar two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) and σ(54) to activate transcription of genes essential for flagellar motility. Herein, we discovered that in addition to the flagellar type III secretion system (T3SS), the Campylobacter jejuni flagellar MS ring and rotor are required to activate the FlgSR TCS. Mutants lacking the FliF MS ring a...

Our long-term goal is to understand how physical-biological, biological-biological and chemicalbiological interactions control the patch structure and ecology of phytoplankton inhabiting coastal shelves, upwelling areas, fjords and banks. We are especially interested in ways in which speciesspecific properties, including colony size and shape (diatoms) and motility (flagellates and photosynthet...

The systematic position of the genus Cryothecomonas has been determined from an analysis of the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Cryothecomonas longipes and two strains of Cryothecomonas aestivalis. Our phylogenetic trees inferred from maximum likelihood, distance and maximum parsimony methods robustly show that the genus Cryothecomonas clusters within the phylum Cercozoa, an...

In this overview, the basic biology of select protozoan parasites of veterinary importance was covered. These include the Apicomplexans, Eimeria, Theileria, Cryptosporidium, and the Flagellates Giardia and African trypanosomes. Available information was synthesized into a relatively simple information guide of potential interest to a wide reading audience. Where appropriate, references are made...

Viruses of trypanosomatids are now being extensively studied because of their diversity and the roles they play in flagellates' biology. Among the most prominent examples are leishmaniaviruses implicated in pathogenesis of Leishmania parasites. Here, we present a historical overview of this field, starting with early reports of virus-like particles on electron microphotographs, and culminating ...

Our long-term goal is to understand how physical-biological, biological-biological and chemicalbiological interactions control the patch structure and ecology of phytoplankton inhabiting coastal shelves, upwelling areas, fjords and banks. We are especially interested in ways in which speciesspecific properties, including colony size and shape (diatoms) and motility (flagellates and photosynthet...