Flatness is a crucial indicator of strip quality that presents challenge in regulation due to the high-speed process and nonlinear relationship between flatness parameters. Conventional methods for controlling are based on first principles, empirical models, predesigned rules, which less adaptable changing rolling conditions. To address this limitation, paper proposed an offline reinforcement l...

The observable universe is close to a flat Friedmann model, the so-called Einstein-de Sitter universe, in which the energy density, ρ, takes the critical value, ρc, and the homogeneous spatial surfaces are Euclidean. All astronomical evidence shows that we are quite close to this state of flatness, although a value of Ω0 in the vicinity of 0.2 is preferred by several observations. It is therefo...

A plate flatness meter based on the laser moire method was developed. A large grating is installed above a plate transfer line, a laser beam is directed through a concave lens onto the plate on the transfer line. Moire fringes that conform to the surface profile of the plate are formed on the plate. The flatness of the plate as i t is transferred can be measured to a high accuracy of +l. ODD( 2...

In this paper we investigate the statistical properties of magnetic field fluctuations measured by the four Cluster spacecraft in the cusp and close to the interface with the magnetospheric lobes, magnetopause and magnetosheath. At lower altitudes along the outbound orbit of 26 February 2001, the magnetic field fluctuations recorded by all four spacecraft are random and their Probability Distri...

we observe some new characterizations of $n$-presented modules. using the concepts of $(n,0)$-injectivity and $(n,0)$-flatness of modules, we also present some characterizations of right $n$-coherent rings, right $n$-hereditary rings, and right $n$-regular rings.

1 Introduction In order to study arithmetic properties of a variety over an algebraic number field, it is desirable to have a model over the ring of integers. We are interested in the particular case of a Shimura variety (of PEL type), and ask for a model over O E , where E is the completion of the reflex field at a prime of residue characteristic p > 0. Since a Shimura variety of PEL type is a...

The acceleration statistics of sheared and rotating homogeneous turbulence are studied using direct numerical simulation results. The statistical properties of Lagrangian and Eulerian accelerations are considered together with the influence of the rotation to shear ratio, as well as the scale dependence of their statistics. The probability density functions (pdfs) of both Lagrangian and Euleria...

Flatness -- the absence of spacetime curvature is a well-understood property macroscopic, classical spacetimes in general relativity. The same cannot be said about concepts and flatness nonperturbative quantum gravity, where microscopic structure not describable terms small fluctuations around fixed background geometry. An interesting case are two-dimensional models which lack limit therefore m...