Although flies are important vectors of food-borne pathogens, there is little information to accurately assess the food-related health risk of the presence of individual flies, especially in urban areas. This study quantifies the prevalence and the relative risk of food-borne pathogens associated with the body surfaces and guts of individual wild flies. One hundred flies were collected from the...

pollination and pest control are perhaps the best-known ecological services performed by hover flies. the species diversity and their abundance have an influential impact on the ecological services provided by this family. to find out species diversity of adult flower flies associated with agroecosystems in kerman province, a biodiversity survey using insect net and color water traps was conduc...

A quick guide on peacock flies, a species of insect where, unusually, both males and females perform dances apparently to attract mates.

What are the sources of phenotypic variation and which factors shape this variation are fundamental questions of developmental and evolutionary biology. Despite this simple formulation and intense research, controversy remains. Three points are particularly discussed: (1) whether adaptive developmental mechanisms buffering variation exist at all; (2) if yes, do they involve specific genes and p...

In their recent meta-analysis, Vlaanderen et al. (2011) claimed to show evidence for associations between occupational benzene exposure and risks of multiple myeloma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, one of the larger available studies, including 5,514 benzene-exposed UK workers (Sorahan et al. 2005), was excluded from this meta-analysis, apparently because...

• The first step is to divide the attributes in a table into specified (the ones specified by the query) and the unspecified attributes (the ones not specified by the query). • Every tuple in the database is considered a document and correlation between different attributes in the tuple are found. Correlations are often ignored in high dimensional and sparsely populated data spaces in IR but th...