An increasingly popular research method for identifying etiologic heterogeneity in psychiatric illness has been to compare the frequency of a risk factor in affected individuals with no affected relatives (sporadic cases) and in affected individuals with one or more affected relatives (familial cases). This paper presents a power analysis of this familial vs sporadic method, assuming a multifac...

Following a suggestion in an Editorial in the British Journal of Anaesthesia in November of 1967, we wrote to this Journal and others in the United Kingdom, ofFering to provide a service of cholinesterase estimations and dibucaine and fluoride numbers for anaesthetists in the United Kingdom. It was hoped that, on their part, those who sent serum would co-operate with us in elucidating any inter...

OBJECTIVES To establish modifiable factors associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among prisoners. DESIGN Retrospective matched case-control study. SETTING Nakuru GK prison in Kenya. SUBJECTS A total of 144 subjects (48 cases and 96 controls) were recruited into the study. Cases were adult prisoners who had at least two initial sputum specimens being Acid Fast Bacilli-positiv...

Pathway analysis, broadly defined as a group of methods incorporating a priori biological information from public databases, has emerged as a promising approach for analyzing high-dimensional genomic data. As part of Genetic Analysis Workshop 18, seven research groups applied pathway analysis techniques to whole-genome sequence data from the San Antonio Family Study. Overall, the groups found t...

Family studies are often used in genetic research to explore associations between genetic markers and various phenotypes. A commonly used design oversamples families enriched with the disease under study for efficient data collection and estimation. For instance, in a multiple cases family study, families are selected based on the number of affected relatives. In such cases, valid inference for...

PURPOSE Twin studies have demonstrated a high heritability for refractive error of up to 90%, but some family studies have suggested up to one-third of population variance is attributable to the effects of shared family environment. This large twin study aimed to explore the role of shared environment in refractive error. METHODS Refractive error was measured using autorefraction in 4602 subj...

Although conceptually the distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorder was made in the 19th century by French and German physicians, it was not until the family studies of Angst (1966) and Perris (1966) that the first evidence that these are two different conditions was provided. The distinction came primarily from family studies that found that patients with bipolar disorder had a higher ...

Laboratory-confirmed cases of subclinical infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in humans are rare, and the true number of these cases is unknown. We describe the identification of a laboratory-confirmed subclinical case in a woman during an influenza A(H5N1) contact investigation in northern Vietnam.

a numerical investigation of forced convection in a channel with hot solid block inside a square porous block mounted on a bottom wall was carried out. the lattice boltzmann method was applied for numerical simulations. the fluid flow in the porous media was simulated by brinkman-forchheimer model. the effects of parameters such as porosity and thermal conductivity ratio over flow pattern and t...

In this paper, we define, model, and show the uses of evidence in an investigation, specifically a digital investigation. Digital evidence has been used in the courts to help prove cases, but its characteristics and role in an investigation have not been formally defined or challenged. This paper defines digital evidence by observing the role of evidence in a physical investigation, modeling th...