running the industrial components at a proper temperature is always a big challenge for engineers. internal combustion engines are among these components in which temperature plays a big role in their performance and emissions. with the development of new technology in the fields of ‘nano-materials’ and ‘nano-fluids’, it seems very promising to use this technology as a coolant in the internal c...

Oil production may be accompanied by Sand Production (SP) in the weak sandstone reservoirs. Fluid flow is an important factor in transporting the separated grains and completing the SP mechanism. In this paper, the effect of fluid parameters, fluid flow, and fluid pressure on the SP is investigated by applying the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Parametric studies show that fluid velocity is red...

abstract background: regarding the diagnostic errors of the classic criteria including serum ascites albumin gradient (saag), total protein concentration and the adapted light et al’s criteria in distinguishing transudate versus exudates, we evaluated the ascitic fluid to serum bilirubin ratio as a new criteria in this regard. we also evaluated whether the combination of bilirubin ratio with ea...

In this work, the characteristics of flow and heat transfer of a fluid containing nano particles of aluminum oxide with the water volume fraction (0.1-0.2-0.3)(V/V) percent of the reports. The overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer and the average heat transfer fluid containing nano water - aluminum oxide in a horizontal double pipe counter flow heat exchanger under turbulent flow con...