We trace with high numerical accuracy the phase diagram of the Gaussian-core model, a classical system of point particles interacting via a Gaussian-shaped, purely repulsive potential. This model, which provides a reliable qualitative description of the thermal behavior of interpenetrable globular polymers, is known to exhibit a polymorphic fcc-bcc transition at low densities and reentrant melt...

It is broadly accepted that so-called 'thermal' gas is the product of thermal cracking, 'primary' thermal gas from kerogen cracking, and 'secondary' thermal gas from oil cracking. Since thermal cracking of hydrocarbons does not generate products at equilibrium and thermal stress should not bring them to equilibrium over geologic time, we would not expect methane, ethane, and propane to be at eq...

This paper evaluates the influence of crude oil (vacuum residue) properties, processing fluid catalytic cracking slurry oil, and recycle hydrocracked vacuum residue diluted with heavy cycle operating conditions H-Oil hydrocracking on quality liquid products. 36 cases operation a commercial H-Oil® ebullated bed hydrocracker were studied at different feed composition, conditions. Intercriteria an...

An increase in fossil fuel consumption has significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Waste energy recovery can reduce GHGs by reducing fossil fuel consumption. In the FCC unit in refineries, the catalyst is continuously regenerated by burning off the deposited coke with air and a large flux of waste gas with high temperature is generated which is vented into the atmo...

George M. Bollas, Simira A. Papadopoulou, Angelos A. Lappas, Spyros S. Voutetakis, Panos Seferlis, and Iacovos A. Vasalos 1 Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou–Thermi Rd, PO Box 361, Thessaloniki, GR-570 01, Greece, 2 Department of Automation, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessalo...

Different traditional and advanced control strategies have been tested and the performance investigated, revealing their incentives. The investigated control approaches are: conventional decentralized PID control, MPC control based on analytical model, MPC based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model and Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). Comparative control results are shown for the multivariable c...

The Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process was introduced commercially in 1942; in the half-century of its existence, it has been improved again and again, so that plants today operate on a much larger scale and at a fraction of their original unit costs. This paper provides a methodology for a study of the history of improvements to the FCC process, to understand both their engineering and eco...