The theory, optical, mechanical, and software design for an interferometric Hartmann wavefront analyzer for the 6.5 m MMT is presented. The instrument is modular so it can be used at the prime focus or any of the three unique Cassegrain foci. We discuss the first results at the f/9 Cass focus where the detected wavefront error was used to correct both collimation and the primary mirror figure d...

High-power laser pulse transmitted by phase modulation with certain spectrum distribution can suppress the buildup of transverse stimulated Brillouin scattering (TSBS) in large aperture optics and smooth speckle pattern illuminating target spectral smoothing dispersion (SSD). In this paper, based on requirements double-cone ignition scheme including simultaneously realizing that focal spot is v...

In this paper, we investigate the focusing properties of a vortex-cosh-Gaussian (vChG) beam passing through converging thin lens. Based on Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral, derived analytical propagation equation as well width expression focused vChGB. It is shown that including focal shift vChGB are crucially dependent incident parameters namely decentered parameter and topological charge ...

Abstract Bulk electron temperatures are calculated for thin Cu targets irradiated by the petawatt class Vulcan laser, from K α yield obtained using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystals. Cu-K emission studies have been used to probe bulk temperature. A 30–80 eV core temperature extends homogeneously over distances up ten times laser focal spot size. Energy shifting has observed due differ...

In embryogenesis, structural patterns, such as vascular branching, may form via a reaction-diffusion mechanism in which activator and inhibitor morphogens guide cells into periodic aggregates. We previously found that vascular mesenchymal cells (VMCs) spontaneously aggregate into nodular structures and that morphogen pairs regulate the aggregation into patterns of spots and stripes. To test the...

The outcome of predation interactions between growing, size-structured predator and prey cohorts is difficult to predict. We manipulated the food resources available to juvenile spot subject to predation from southern flounder in a 60-day replicated pond experiment to test the hypothesis that spot growing slowly would experience higher predation mortality and stronger selection against small in...

the diffractive multifocal iol provides simultaneous bifocal imaging by utilizing both diffractive and refractive optics. in both distant and near vision, there is a clear highly focused image on the retina. the second image is highly defocused, providing only faint background illumination. a small amount of the light goes to the higher orders of diffraction which are not perceptible by eyes. t...

Transendothelial lipid transport into and spread in the subendothelial intima of large arteries, and subsequent lipid accumulation, appear to start plaque formation. We experimentally examine transendothelial horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport in vessels that are usually, e.g., pulmonary artery (PA), or almost always, e.g., inferior vena cava (IVC), atherosclerosis resistant vs. disease pro...

In this work, using the scanning near-field optical fiber probe method, we carry out a direct observation of below-diffraction-limited optical spot induced by nonlinear saturable absorption characteristic of Ag-doped Si nanofilms. The experimental results indicate that the squeezed spot size decreases with laser power increase, and the smallest spot can be squeezed to 68% of the diffraction-lim...