This article presents a model to guide activity-focused motor interventions as a component of early intervention services for physical and occupational therapists working with infants and young children with neurological conditions and other developmental disabilities. Activity-focused interventions involve structured practice and repetition of functional actions, and are directed toward the le...

Many theories argue that goal striving is more intense when people have optimistic expectancies for achieving the goal and when attention is self-focused. Brehm’s motivational intensity theory, however, predicts that the intensity of motivation is only as high as necessary, so people will try harder for difficult tasks than for easy tasks, all else equal. The present experiment compared these t...

Multiple functional imaging techniques help to a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of autism-spectrum disorders (ASD). The early functional imaging studies on ASD focused on task-specific methods related to core symptom domains and explored patterns of activation in response to face processing, theory of mind tasks, language processing and executive function tasks. On the other ...

Visual attention of learners is examined during completion of an online e-learning test consisting of three different educational tasks, namely matching, multiple choice, and true/false tasks. Eye movements of 36 learners were recorded with respect to four layout areas of the virtual learning environment’s interface, including textual instruction, visual content, selection items, and navigation...

In this paper we use pupil diameter as an indicator for measuring cognitive load for six different tasks on common web maps. Two eye tracking data sets were collected for different basemaps (37 participants and 1,328 trials in total). We found significant differences in mean pupil diameter between tasks, indicating low cognitive load for free exploration, medium cognitive load for search, polyg...

We present the German Sentiment Analysis Shared Task (GESTALT) which consists of two main tasks: Source, Subjective Expression and Target Extraction from Political Speeches (STEPS) and Subjective Phrase and Aspect Extraction from Product Reviews (StAR). Both tasks focused on fine-grained sentiment analysis, extracting aspects and targets with their associated subjective expressions in the Germa...

As methodologies and tools for chip-level design mature, design e ort becomes focused on higher abstraction levels. Presently, much e ort is focused on system-level design, where the key tasks include system component allocation, functional partitioning and transformation, and coarse estimation. However, commonly-used internal formats of functionality, such as the control-data ow graph, are too...

Key to multitask learning is exploiting the relationships between different tasks in order to improve prediction performance. Most previous methods have focused on the case where tasks relations can be modeled as linear operators and regularization approaches can be used successfully. However, in practice assuming the tasks to be linearly related is often restrictive, and allowing for nonlinear...

This study evaluated continuity and change in maternal-child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis attunement in early childhood. Participants were drawn from a prospective study of 1,292 mother-child dyads, which were racially diverse, predominantly low-income, and non-urban. Child focused stress tasks designed to elicit anger, fear, and frustration were administered during early infancy, later ...

Focused emergency ultrasound is rapidly evolving as a clinical skill for bedside examination by physicians at all levels of education. Ultrasound is highly operator-dependent and relevant training is essential to ensure appropriate use. When supplementing hands-on focused ultrasound courses, e-learning can increase the learning effect. We developed an emergency ultrasound app to enable onsite e...