Contamination of powdered infant formula (PIF) by the bacteria Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella enterica was deemed a matter of great concern by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2004. Therefore, we developed a rapid and sensitive multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Cronobacter and Salmonella in PIF. In ad...

Striking changes in food web structure occur with alterations in resource supply. Like predator prey interactions, many mutualisms are also consumer resource interactions. However, no studies have explored how the structure of plant pollinator networks may be affected by nutrient enrichment. For three years, we enriched plots of subalpine plant communities with nitrogen and observed subsequent ...

this study was accomplished to investigate the effect of artemia urmiana nauplii enriched with pediococcus acidilactici as probiotic on growth performance and survival rate of great sturgeon, huso huso.  artemia nauplii were enriched with p. acidilactici at a final concentration of 1010 cfu ml-1 in three time dependent treatments as 3 h (t3), 6 h (t6), 9 h (t9), and one non-enriched artemia as ...

Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative bacterium and causative agent of tularemia, is categorized as a Class A select agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention due to its ease of dissemination and ability to cause disease. Oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal tularemia may occur due to ingestion of contaminated food and water. Despite the concern to public health, little research i...

A comparison was made of enrichment broths for recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from food by the methods of Doyle and Roman (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1343-1353) and of Park et al. (Can. J. Microbiol. 27:841-842). No significant differences were found between the results obtained with the two broths. Recovery was greater, however, with a constant gas flow into the broths than with an evacuat...