A three-part motor program mediates a defecation every 45 sec in well-fed wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans. Individual worms maintain this 45 sec rhythm with an SD of about 3 sec. We present evidence that the defecation cycle is controlled by an endogenous clock, most likely a neuronal pattern generator. The phase of the behavioral rhythm can be reset like pattern generators in other animals. T...

The high prevalence of obesity among low income groups has led some to question the role of food assistance programs in contributing to the problem. The USDA's Food Stamp Program (now known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - SNAP) is the largest food assistance program in the United States with over 40 million participants. This paper employed systematic realist review methods t...

Doug Gurian-Sherman is a senior scientist in the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Food and Environment Program. UCS is the leading science-based nonprofit working for a healthy environment and a safer world. The goal of the UCS Food and Environment Program is a food system that encourages innovative and environmentally sustainable ways to produce high-quality, safe, and affordable food, whil...

Reducing child malnutrition requires nutritious food, breastfeeding, improved hygiene, health services, and (prenatal) care. Poverty and food insecurity seriously constrain the accessibility of nutritious diets that have high protein quality, adequate micronutrient content and bioavailability, macrominerals and essential fatty acids, low antinutrient content, and high nutrient density. Diets ba...

we consider an m/g/1 queue with regular and optional phase vacation and withstate dependent arrival rate. the vacation policy is after completion of service if there are no customers in the system, the server takes vacation consisting of k -phases, each phase is generally distributed. here the first phase is compulsory where as the other phases are optional. for this model the supplementary var...

UNLABELLED With the ever-increasing demand for biopolymer mass spectrometry, specialized software is needed to both predict and process mass spectrometric data. With massXpert, we present a proteomics-oriented program mainly concerned with protein physico-chemistry and protein/peptide mass spectra simulations. AVAILABILITY The massXpert program is free for academic and commercial use at http:...

MOTIVATION Identification of genes coding for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is considered an important goal in the analysis of data from metagenomics projects. Here, we report the development of a software program designed for the identification of rRNA genes from metagenomic fragments based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). This program provides rRNA gene predictions with high sensitivity and specificity...

This paper evaluates ‘an almost universally distributed’ supplementary feeding program. The use of simple binary program may not reveal sufficient variation to identify program effect. So, taking advantage from detailed information on program implementation in the data set, this paper uses proportion of child’s life exposed to the program to reveal variation in program intensity. This enables u...