More and more researchers, evaluators, and policy makers are recognizing that in order to best understand the factors precipitating, supporting, and prohibiting intimate violence against women, we must often gather information directly from battered women themselves. Such data collection, however, is not without its risks to the women involved in such studies. It is important that researchers a...

Many intervention programmes to encourage greater female participation in computer education and careers have been conducted in the last twenty years. These intervention programmes take considerable time, effort and money to design and implement. If success were to be measured by an increase in the percentage of female students undertaking computing courses then these programmes would have to b...

Rabbi Avraham Weiss begins his recent article, “Women and the Reading of the Megillah,” with the questions: “May women read the Megillah for other women, and for that matter, may women read the Megillah for men?” Rabbi Weiss devotes the great majority of his essay to the first issue, and while a number of points as well as the conclusion remain debatable, his essential arguments in favor of a w...

We use data on 3,948 Chinese firms obtained from the World Bank’s Investment Climate Private Enterprise Survey to investigate early international entrepreneurship (international new ventures) in China. The extent of early international entrepreneurship in China is significant: 65 per cent of the exporting firms start export operations within three years. Foreign shareholders within the firm and...

According to Schumpeter, the creative process of economic development can be divided into the three distinguishable stages of invention, innovation (commercialization) and imitation. Following this theory, invention and innovation require different skills. This paper tests whether the invention and innovation stages should be undertaken by different agents. We also show why there is a rationale...

The aim of this article is to evaluate the importance of innovation for entrepreneurship environment in the context of current economic conditions. Throughout the last century, industry leaders learnt to master the production process to such an extent that now it no longer functions as a significant competitive advantage. Every entrepreneur is now facing a harsh and highly competitive business ...

We use data on 3,948 Chinese firms obtained from the World Bank’s Investment Climate Private Enterprise Survey to investigate early international entrepreneurship (international new ventures) in China. The extent of early international entrepreneurship in China is significant: 65 per cent of the exporting firms start export operations within three years. Foreign shareholders within the firm and...

This paper tests agency theory using unique entrepreneurial effort and financing choices data. Focusing on entrepreneurs as a special type of agent, the paper develops a modified principal-agent model within a private firm setting. In line with the typical agency theory prediction, this model suggests that the severity of entrepreneur moral hazard relates to the firm’s capital structure. Specia...

Business cycles appear to be large, persistent, and asymmetric relative to the shocks hitting the economy. This observation suggests the existence of an asymmetric amplification and propagation mechanism, which transforms the shocks into the observed movements in aggregate output. This article demonstrates, in a small open economy, how credit constraints can be such a mechanism. The article als...