After small forcing, any <κ-closed forcing will destroy the supercompactness and even the strong compactness of κ. In a delightful argument, Laver [L78] proved that any supercompact cardinal κ can be made indestructible by <κ-directed closed forcing. This indestructibility, however, is evidently not itself indestructible, for it is always ruined by small forcing: in [H96] the first author recen...

This study presents the regional estimates of the seasonal and diurnal mean broadband (0.3–5.0 mm) clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere (TOA) due to both the natural and the anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean from 258N to 258S. We propose two new methods, the slope method and the differencing method, to obtain clear sky aerosol forcing from solely sate...