A GLOBAL HEALTH WHITE PAPER SERIES “Rapid trans boundary spread of infectious diseases, emerging infectious diseases, rising antimicrobial-drug resistance and the threat of bioterrorism are some of today’s most pressing global health security issues. Getting the basics right for infectious disease surveillance is now more pertinent than ever before. Yet in order for a surveillance system to con...

on more and more computing facilities. However, this is an unsustainable solution as the industry practice continues to move toward more detailed modeling and financial reporting involving more stochastic components. In the foreseeable future, the costs of such nested simulations will be prohibitive even for the most resourceful companies. The running time of simulations can still be too long f...

Since the previous edition of this collection, the World Wide Web has unequivocally laid any lingering questions regarding its longevity and global impact to rest. Several multi-Billion-user services including Google and Facebook have become central to modern life in the first world, while Internetand Web-related technology has permeated both business and personal interactions. The Web is undou...

Military conscription has been around since ancient times, and it remains remarkably popular today. For example, Jehn and Selden (2002) report that while eight European nations have recently eliminated or are phasing out conscription programs, another 20 nations plan on retaining conscription into the foreseeable future. Mulligan and Schlieffer (2004), meanwhile, report that 95 of the 164 count...

L ike the country itself, the profession of surgery in Panama is young, and still largely unregulated. Many changes are taking place that will affect the way surgery is practiced in the near future. Some of them are good and necessary, while others are not quite so. For most of the 20th century, the private sector was the driving force behind innovations, but the current economic situation has ...

Life usually ends with death, and ageing is defined here by the increase of the mortality rate with increasing age. Merryl Streep and Goldie Hawn showed in the movie “Death becomes her” the consequences of an elixir giving us eternal life. The present review instead deals with the consequences present foreseeable trends have on the demography of developed countries, and with the biological reas...

Mathematics is in a dramatic and massive process of changing, mainly due to the advent of computers and computer science. Our aim is to present a pocket image of this phenomenon; a “case study” will give us the opportunity to describe some of these new ideas, problems, and techniques. Particularly, we will be concerned with foreseeable mutations in the interaction between deductive and experime...

One of the grand challenges for society is global security in food and nutrition. The ‘‘perfect storm’’ metaphor has been used by Sir John Beddington to describe the scenario that wemight be heading for, with simultaneous shortages for food, water, and energy within the foreseeable future. This Select highlights the need for a truly multipronged approach across scientific disciplines and countr...

In order to increase the ability build complex, software-intensive systems, as well decrease time-to-market for new functionality, automotive companies aim scale agile methods beyond individual teams. This is challenging, given specifics of systems that are often safety-critical and consist software, hardware, mechanical components. this article, we investigate concrete reasons scaling agility ...

We consider the design of mechanisms for multi-sided exchanges that interact with strategic players—some of which have multi-dimension strategic spaces or are represented by mediators. Players act to optimize their own utilities. The mechanism designer, on the other hand, aims to optimize a social goal, i.e., the gain from trade. As the mediators control the information flow from their players ...