Macrophage-mediated axonal dieback presents an additional challenge to regenerating axons after spinal cord injury. Adult adherent stem cells are known to have immunomodulatory capabilities, but their potential to ameliorate this detrimental inflammation-related process has not been investigated. Using an in vitro model of axonal dieback as well as an adult rat dorsal column crush model of spin...

Abstract The common beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) is the main forest-forming species in Slovakia and its share accounts for over 31% of total forest area this country. Recently, there are more reports deterioration health Europe, incl. as a result action pathogens genus Phytophthora . aim study to confirm presence forests Slovakia. Ten plots central western were selected study. of: P. x cambivora...

The relationships between different aspects of diversity (taxonomic, structural and functional) the aboveground biomass (AGB) as a major component global carbon balance have been studied extensively but rarely under simultaneous influence forest dieback management. In this study, we investigate taxonomic, functional woody species (trees shrubs) AGB along gradient intensity (low, moderate, high ...

Common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.) is a keystone tree species in Europe. However, since the 1990s, this has been experiencing widespread decline and mortality due to dieback [ Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz Hosoya]. Besides H. , emerald borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), an invasive alien pest already devastating trees western Russia, spreading westward becoming emergin...

Eucalyptus dieback disease, caused by Cylindrocladium scoparium, has occurred in last few years in large Eucalyptus planting areas in China and other countries. Rapid, simple, and reliable diagnostic techniques are desired for the early detection of Eucalyptus dieback of C. scoparium prior to formulation of efficient control plan. For this purpose, three PCR-based methods of nested PCR, multipl...

We examined whether extensive dry season dieback and mortality in a South African fynbos community were due to drought or pathogen attack. Plant dieback and mortality have been reported elsewhere in similar plant communities suggesting potential for a widespread climatic or biotic threat to this community.We collected tissue samples from Brunia noduliflora, the dominant plant in the community, ...

The polyphagous shot hole borer and Kuroshio shot hole borer, two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), are invasive ambrosia beetles that harbor distinct species of Fusarium fungal symbionts. Together with the damage caused by gallery construction, these two phytopathogenic Fusarium species are responsible for the emerging tree disease Fu...