About 100 years ago, groups of European beech were reintroduced into Norway spruce stands in some parts Germany as a restoration approach. The aim this approach was to maintain or rehabilitate the ecological function soil fertility and regeneration option for next generation. effect on surrounding studied Ore Mountains by recording natural humus layer thickness form. Point pattern statistics us...

Silvopasture has gained attention as an agroecological practice that may simultaneously meet farmer goals and provide environmental benefits, including climate change mitigation. At the same time there are significant concerns about potential for livestock to damage trees forest soils. Like other innovative systems, silvopasture combines management complexity with limited research knowledge. Un...

Stand density or tree density, expressed as the number of trees per unit area, is an important forest management parameter. It is used by foresters to evaluate regeneration, to assess the effect of forest management measures or as an indicator variable for other stand parameters like age, basal area and volume. A stand density estimation technique, based on the application of wavelet analysis, ...

BACKGROUND The data collected by sanitary-epidemiological stations in 2005-2014 were analyzed to determine the incidence rates of borreliosis Lyme disease in the West Pomerania group of workers exposed to tick bites. MATERIAL AND METHODS It was assumed that an adequate comparison of official epidemiological data with the data concerning the number of exposed people, is an indispensable condit...

Forests are important place for outdoor recreation and scenery appreciation. So in order to better meet the needs of the public, forest appreciation has received increasing attention from foresters in recent years. However, related research is still limited. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the relationship between forest colors (measured by specific elements and spatial indices of color)...

We have developed a new airborne UV lidar for the forest canopy and deployed it in the Landes forest (France). It is the first one that: (i) operates at 355 nm for emitting energetic pulses of 16 mJ at 20 Hz while fulfilling eye-safety regulations and (ii) is flown onboard an ultra-light airplane for enhanced flight flexibility. Laser footprints at ground level were 2.4 m wide for a flying alti...

Ecologists and foresters are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of spatial information in ecosystem analysis and resource management. An across-scale analysis of forest structure was conducted to characterize the spatial characteristics of a 2 ha spruce-®r forest located inside Changbaishan Natural Reserve (CNR), PR China. The study was designed to develop an approach for assessment ...

To truly understand the current status of tropical diversity and to forecast future trends, we need to increase emphasis on the study of biodiversity in rural landscapes that are actively managed or modified by people. We present an integrated landscape approach to promote research in human-modified landscapes that includes the effects of landscape structure and dynamics on conservation of biod...

Cocoa butter is the pure butter extracted from cocoa beans and is a major ingredient in the chocolate industry. Global production of cocoa is in decline due to crop failure, diseases and ageing plantations, leading to price fluctuations and the necessity for the industry to find high quality cocoa butter alternatives. This study explored the potential of a wild mango (Mangifera sylvatica), an u...

Impact of small rodents on mountain forest regeneration was studied in National Nature Reserve in the Beskydy Mountains (Czech Republic). A considerable amount of bark damage was found on young trees (20%) in spring after the peak abundance of field voles (Microtus agrestis) in combination with long winter with heavy snowfall. In contrast, little damage to young trees was noted under high densi...