Computer -generated holograms (CGHs) are used in a number of important optical technology application areas such as holographic optical elements, optical processing and computing, optical testing, image and information display, beam forming, and beam scanning. Many different CGH fabrication devices (e.g., laser beam scanners, electron beam writers) and facilities have been developed and are in ...

Identification and analysis of farmers’ vulnerability associated with their risk aversion degree is one of the necessary requirements for planning and reducing impacts of drought in Iran. So, this study was investigated three risk vulnerability parameters (economic, social and technical) among wheat farmers categorized in accordance with their risk aversion degree in the Mashhad County (Iran) b...

It is important to be aware that there are no standards in the NoSQL database technology space at this time. Each NoSQL product is implemented differently, sometimes very differently, often attempting to address different kinds of data management requirements and priorities. All of the NoSQL databases share certain characteristics, such as automatically sharded/partitioned data, horizontal data...

Considerable uncertainty exists regarding European requirements for withdrawing a product from the market because of product performance problems that are not related to serious health risks or death. This article discusses the requirements for product returns or other related actions that are outside the scope of the recall notification requirements defined in the medical device Directives.

Early phases of design process still lacks of the computer support due to informal and highly complex data that has to be managed. Appropriate structure of data is therefore needed for optimal support and connection of conceptual design with downstream application of the product development process. Paper introduces an approach towards a feature-based product model incorporating representation ...

The globalisation of industry and the strong dependence of the German machine manufacturers on export has increased the importance of an up-to-date and user-oriented product documentation not only as a cost factor but as a competition factor of strategic importance as well. The use of Multimedia is a promising approach to realize such an improved documentation. This paper presents the results o...

By setting near‐zero‐emission requirements for the production of certain products to be sold on European single market (product carbon requirements, PCRs), Union could accelerate phase‐out carbon‐intensive processes. The announcement such would send a signal producers, financing institutions and other relevant stakeholders, thus incentivizing them prepare shift carbon‐neutral society. This arti...

With the advent of agile development methods such as SCRUM, the unpredictable and dynamic process of software development has for the first time become manageable in an efficient manner. It is no surprise that these developments have resulted in an increased interest in the expansion of agile principles to other domains. One of these domains is product management, which involves mainly the elic...