The three-input TOFFOLI gate is the workhorse of circuit synthesis for classical logic operations on quantum data, e.g., reversible arithmetic circuits. In physical implementations, however, TOFFOLI gates are decomposed into six CNOT gates and several one-qubit gates. Though this decomposition has been known for at least 10 years, we provide here the first demonstration of its CNOT-optimality. ...

Reversible single-target gates are a generalization of Toffoli gates which are a helpful formal representation for the description of synthesis algorithms but are too general for an actual implementation based on some technology. There is an exponential lower bound on the number of Toffoli gates required to implement any reversible function, however, there is also a linear upper bound on the nu...

XOR & AND gates are most important basic building blocks of any VLSI applications. These gates can be implemented in different architectures by using different circuit designs techniques. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of various design techniques of XOR-AND gates. The performances of these techniques have been evaluated by Tanner Tools V13 using the 90nm CMOS technology. In ...

Mapping a circuit of reversible gates to a circuit of elementary quantum gates is a key step in synthesizing quantum realizations of Boolean functions. The library containing NOT, controlled-NOT and controlled square-root-of-NOT gates has been considered extensively. In this paper, we extend the library to include fourth-root-of-NOT gates. Experimental results using REVLIB benchmark circuits sh...

Constructing a set of universal quantum gates is a fundamental task for quantum computation. The existence of noises, disturbances and fluctuations is unavoidable during the process of implementing quantum gates for most practical quantum systems. This paper employs a sampling-based learning method to find robust control pulses for generating a set of universal quantum gates. Numerical results ...

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are nanoscale digital logic constructs that use electrons in arrays of quantum dots to carry out binary operations. In this paper, a basic building block for QCA will be proposed. The proposed basic building block can be customized to implement classical gates, such as XOR and XNOR gates, and reversible gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli gates, with less cell co...

WITTERS, WELDON L. Extraction and identification of clavine and lysergic acid alkaloids from morning glories. Ohio J. Sci. 75(4): 198, 1975. Seeds from three varieties of Ipomoea grown in Ohio were examined for clavine and lysergic acid alkaloids. Three systems of extraction of ergoline alkaloids were compared with the ammonium hydroxide-methanol-chloroform method proving superior to the others...

In this paper we investigate single electron tunneling (SET) devices from the logic design perspective, using the SET tunnel junction’s ability to control the transport of individual electrons. More in particular, we investigate the behavior of a family of single electron encoded logic (SEEL) gates, consisting of a 2-input AND gate, a 2-input OR gate and a NOT gate, and simulate the gates. A ch...

For classical circuits, both {AND, NOT} and the single-gate set {NAND} are universal. To nd universal sets of quantum gates, we use the quantum circuit model, in which each gate is represented by a 2 by 2 unitary matrix. Composition of gates is done by multiplying these matrices. The space of operations generated by a set of gates is a subgroup of the unitary group U (2) (or SU (2), ignoring gl...

the usage of turbochargers in diesel engines has led to the downsizing of the motors as well as usage of the waste gates in turbochargers. any dimensional reduction in turbochargers and appurtenant leads to an enhancement on the performance of internal combustion engines and in environmental problems in terms of aerodynamic, thermodynamic and mechanical specifications for both engines and turbo...