High-average-power free-electron lasers often rely on energy-recovering linacs. In a high-efficiency free electron laser, the main limitation to high average power stems from the fractional energy spread induced by the free-electron laser process. Managing beams with large fractional energy spread while simultaneously avoiding beam losses is extremely challenging and relies on intricate longitu...

This paper proposes a vertical beamforming concept to a cellular network employing Fractional Frequency Reuse technique including with cell sectorization. Two different beams are utilized in cell-center and cell-edge, separately. The proposed concept is validated through computer simulation in term of SINR and channel capacity. Also, comparison when utilizing horizontal and vertical beam format...

Space-charge dominated beams can induce chaotic behavior on particle trajectories leading to halo formation on the beam spot. This causes particle losses along the beam transportation that must be minimized. The fractional losses must be kept below 10/m. This is a very low threshold to check with standard multiparticle codes. To study this kind of problems a new particle simulation approach wil...

In the present work a non-linear dynamic response of a continuous sandwich beam with SMA hybrid composite face sheets and flexible core is analyzed taking into account the phase transformation and also the material non-linearity effects, for every point along the face sheets. The one-dimensional constitutive equation of SMA proposed by Brinson is employed. Equations of motion are derived using ...

Parallel-plate electrostatic actuators are a simple way to achieve piston motion for large numbers of mirrors in spatial light modulators. However, selection of design parameters is made difficult by their nonlinear behavior. This paper presents simple models for predicting static and dynamic behaviors of fixed–fixed parallel-plate electrostatic actuators. Static deflection equations are derive...

Abstract Nonlocal operators with different kernels were used here to obtain more general harmonic oscillator models. Power law, exponential decay, and the generalized Mittag-Leffler Delta-Dirac property have been utilized in this process. The aim of study was introduce into damped model nonlocalities associated these mentioned see effect each one them when computing Bode diagram obtained from L...

In this paper, a closed-form approximate formula for estimating the maximum resonant response of beam bridges on viscoelastic supports (VS) under moving loads is proposed. The methodology based discrete approximation fundamental vertical mode non-proportionally damped Bernoulli–Euler beam, which allows derivation expressions modal characteristics and amplitude free vibration at mid-span VS beam...