BACKGROUND Considerable reports concerned the framing effect in medical situations. But quite few of them noticed to explore the differences among the various kinds of framing effects. OBJECTIVES In the present study, five different types of framing effects were examined and the effect sizes of them were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical decision making problems concerning medicine ef...

Around the year 1960 the theory of surgery was developed as part of a program to classify manifolds of dimension greater than 4. Among the questions it addresses is this: Does every framed cobordism class contain a homotopy sphere? Recall that a framing of a closed smooth manifold is an embedding into Euclidean space together with a trivialization of the normal bundle. A good example is given b...

This study takes an individual differences perspective in explaining framing effects. In an experiment manipulating episodic and thematic framing, the trait preference for dispositional attributions was measured and treated as a quasi-experimental factor. Beside a significant framing effect, the general attributional preference of an individual determined responsibility attributions. However, t...

We like to think of reality as fixed, as something we can all agree on. We trust the news media may make mistakes, but largely present reality “the way it is”. The news media make every effort to promote this view by trying to appear neutral and objective. But the writers and editors who report the news are anything but objective. They construct a subjective picture of reality, selecting and or...