In this paper, we propose a formal definition of ‘Computer Worms’ and discuss some of their properties. We begin by reviewing the formal definition of ‘Computer Viruses’, and their properties. We then define ‘Computer Worms’ as a subclass of viruses, and show that many of the interesting properties derived for viruses hold for worms. Finally, we summarize results, draw conclusions, and propose ...

10 BUILT ENVIRONMENT VOL 43 NO 1 Despite these apparent benefits, scholars note that globalization may also present certain risks to industry.1 The opening of international trade and communications threatens copyrighted content, trade secrets, and other proprietary information; even more troublesome and less obvious, there is a danger that as companies shift production abroad, their capacity to...

Consider the story of Fred, who receives a visit from the police one day. They have been summoned by Fred’s neighbors, who have been disturbed by strange sounds emanating from Fred’s basement. When they enter the basement they are confronted by the following scene: Twenty-six small wire cages, each containing a puppy, some whining, some whimpering, some howling. The puppies range in age from ne...

It is common (e.g. Klein 1980) to analyze sentences involving vague expressions, such as (1), as being interpreted with reference to a comparison class that serves to provide a standard of comparison. For example, (1a) might be interpreted as saying that Fred’s height exceeds the standard for some set of individuals of which Fred is a member (adult American men, 8-year-old boys, basketball play...

In situations of strategic interaction it is important for agents to consider not only what their rivals will do, but also what they know, what they know about what they know, and so on. Formal models of knowledge have been developed to help us keep track of these levels of knowledge. This paper provides a non-technical introduction to one of these models, and investigates its foundations. It i...

co-hosted by the Linguistic Association of Finland (SKY) in association with the Department of General Linguistics at the University of Helsinki. This workshop is both a continuation of the two previous QITL events held in 2002 and 2006 in Osnabrück, Germany, and the latest in the sequence of summer symposia arranged annually by SKY. We are grateful to a number of people and organizations for t...

Microenterprises constitute an important source of employment, and developing such enterprises is a key policy concern in most countries. But what is the most efficient tool for microenterprise development? We study this question in a developing country context (Tanzania), where microenterprises are the source of employment for more than half of the labor force, and report from a field experime...

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.04.023 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 8197885665. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Rafael Ferreira), [email protected] (L. de Souza Cabral), [email protected] (R.D. Lins), [email protected] (G. Pereira e Silva), [email protected] (F. Freitas), [email protected] (G.D.C. Cavalcanti), rjl...