Comprehensive control of odors, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and odorous volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions associated with animal production is a critical need. Current methods utilizing wind tunnels and flux chambers for measurements of gaseous emissions from area sources such as feedlots, lagoons, pastures and cropland are often criticized for potential bias. The bias is due ...

Nonseparating loops on surfaces generate their first homology group. Among these loops the ones which become trivial in the homology of the bounded space bordered by the surface are called handle loops. The other ones which become trivial in the homology of the unbounded space bordered by the surface are called tunnel loops. The handle and tunnel loops help identifying handles and tunnels for a...

Clogging occurs during mechanical tunneling with a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) because of adhesion of clayey soils to the cutterhead and conveyor system. The present study examined the effects of water and sand contents on clogging in Montmorillonite clayeysoil. Testing was carried out using an adhesion test device on 28 samples with different water and sand contents to determine adhesionstress...

We compared the protein-ligand binding free energies (G) obtained by the explicit water model, the MM-GB/SA (molecular-mechanics generalized Born surface area) model, and the docking scoring function. The free energies by the explicit water model and the MM-GB/SA model were calculated by the previously developed Smooth Reaction Path Generation (SRPG) method. In the SRPG method, a smooth reactio...

to enhance the understanding of the impact of obstacle buildings on pollution transportationand dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer, it is necessary to know the atmospheric flow characteristics over terrains. wind flow characteristics in a boundary layer over a step-shaped cliff topography model with rough and smooth surfaces were studied numerically using computational fluid dynamics ...

urban facilities are necessary components of cities. in all grown and developed cities of the world there are tremendous network of facilities such as water and electric ties, water sewage drainage, water piping and gas piping. that has not been installed in proper depth underground and locations and with growing of the cities and consumption of population. they need to be replaced by excavatin...

Ice accretion on aircraft wings poses a performance and safety threat as aircraft encounter supercooled droplets suspended in the cloud layer. The details of the ice accretion depend on the atmospheric conditions and the flight parameters. The icing process on the wing consists of a complex interaction of water deposition, surface water transport, and freezing. The aerodynamics affect the water...

abstract bottom intake is one of the most appropriate systems for diverting discharge in steep rivers. bottom intake with porous media is a new system of diverting discharge which can be replaced by bottom rack intakes. to investigate the hydraulic flow characteristics on diverted discharge of this intake, an experimental model was designed in which the inflow, diverted discharge and remained f...

the rational cubic function with three parameters has been extended to rational bi-cubic function to visualize the shape of regular convex surface data. the rational bi-cubic function involves six parameters in each rectangular patch. data dependent constraints are derived on four of these parameters to visualize the shape of convex surface data while other two are free to refine the shape of s...