We incorporate the effects of fluctuations in a density functional analysis of the freezing of a colloidal liquid in the presence of an external potential generated by interfering laser beams. A mean-field treatment~ using a density functional theory, predicts that with the increase in the strength of the modulating potential, the freezing transition changes from a first order to a continuous o...

In this work the physico-chemical properties of selected cryoprotectants (antifreeze protein TrxA-AFP752, trehalose and dimethyl sulfoxide) were correlated with their impact on the constitution of ice and influence on frozen/thawed cell viability. The freezing processes and states of investigated materials solutions were described and explained from a fundamental point of view using ab-initio m...

A simple model for estimating temperature distribution within the frozen region during cryo ablation was tested for accuracy. Freezing experiments were conducted in both ex vivo and in vivo porcine livers. Temperature was measured during freezing using a fiber-optic temperature sensor. Three-dimensional MR images were obtained at the end of each freezing cycle. From the MR image volumes, three-...

A quasi-elastic light-scattering technique was used to study the hydrodynamic conformations of antifreeze glycoproteins from an Antarctic fish. Antifreeze glycoprotein is composed of repeating units of Ala-Ala-Thr, with each threonine O-linked to a disaccharide, and it exists as several polymers of different numbers of this repeating unit. Molecular weights of the two major active polymers are ...

The exact solution is found for the Stefan problem of inwards freezing of a nonhomogeneous cylinder whose specific heat and latent heat depend upon the inverse square of the radial distance. The freezing time for the corresponding annular cylinder is found exactly. The validity of the pseudo-steady-state approximation for the solvable cylinder problem is verified explicitly. It is argued that t...

The hydration of the cell walls of the giant alga Chara australis was measured as a function of temperature using quantitative deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of samples hydrated with D2O. At temperatures 23-5K below freezing, the hydration ratio (the ratio of mass of unfrozen water in microscopic phases in the cell wall to the dry mass) increases slowly with increasing temperature f...

Under subzero degree conditions, free water contained in biological cells tends to freeze and then most living things die due to low temperatures. We examined the effect of a variable magnetic field on Drosophila under supercooled conditions (a state in which freezing is not caused even below the freezing point). Under such supercooled conditions with the magnetic field at 0°C for 72 hours, -4°...

Soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) defines the relationship between unfrozen water content and subzero temperature. The SFCC is widely applied to estimate soil properties. current study explored effects of initial content, dry density, type desalination on during a freezing-thawing process. It showed that had great impacts SFCC, while density an insignificant effect SFCC. Hysteresis beha...

The survival of various cells subjected to low temperature exposure is higher when they are cooled slowly. This increase is consistent with the view that slow cooling decreases the probability of intracellular freezing by permitting water to leave the cell rapidly enough to keep the protoplasm at its freezing point. The present study derives a quantitative relation between the amount of water i...

A free energy functional for a crystal which contains both the symmetry-conserved and symmetry-broken parts of the direct pair correlation function has been used to investigate the fluid-solid transition in systems interacting via purely repulsive Weeks-Chandler-Anderson Lennard-Jones potential and the full Lennard-Jones potential. The results found for freezing parameters for the fluid-face ce...