While virtually absent in our diet a few hundred years ago, fructose has now become a major constituent of our modern diet. Our main sources of fructose are sucrose from beet or cane, high fructose corn syrup, fruits, and honey. Fructose has the same chemical formula as glucose (C(6)H(12)O(6)), but its metabolism differs markedly from that of glucose due to its almost complete hepatic extractio...

Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1) is transcriptionally upregulated by mineralocorticoids and activated by insulin. The kinase stimulates the renal epithelial Na(+) channel and may thus participate in blood pressure regulation. Hyperinsulinemia is triggered by dietary fructose, which sensitizes blood pressure for salt intake. The role of SGK1 in hypertensive effects of combined f...

INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance features both endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. Both disorders are targeted by a chronic treatment with sildenafil. However, the mechanism of action by which chronic sildenafil exerts its effects on reactive oxygen species sources is still largely unknown. AIM We therefore investigated how chronic sildenafil administration could impact vas...

An epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes is linked with the increase in consumption of fructose-containing sugars, such as sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup. In mammalian cells, fructose is metabolized predominantly via phosphorylation to fructose-1 phosphate by ketohexokinase (KHK) or by alternative pathways. Here we demonstrate that a KHK-dependent pathway mediates insulin resistance and...

Objective(s): This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Berberis integerrima (B. integerrima) extract on insulin sensitivity in high-fructose-fed insulin-resistant rats. Materials and Methods: Experimental rats were randomly divided into two groups: the control group was fed a regular chow diet while other group fed with a high-fructose diet for 8 weeks. After the first six weeks, the a...

Citation: Wan W, Li H, Xiang J, Yi F, Xu L, Jiang B and Xiao P (2018) Aqueous Extract of Black Maca Prevents Metabolism Disorder via Regulating the Glycolysis/ Gluconeogenesis-TCA Cycle and PPARα Signaling Activation in Golden Hamsters Fed a High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet. Front. Pharmacol. 9:333. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00333 Aqueous Extract of Black Maca Prevents Metabolism Disorder via Regulat...

BACKGROUND Saturated fatty acids are thought to be of relevance for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In previous studies we found that food-derived carbohydrates such as fructose alter the intestinal serotonergic system while inducing fatty liver disease in mice. Here, we examined the effect of fatty acid...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85% of primary liver cancer, the third most common cause cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its incidence has been increasing in both men and women. In Western countries, high-calorie diets, mainly rich carbohydrates such as fructose, represent a significant concern due to their repercussions on population’s health. A high-fructose diet is related devel...

The worldwide epidemic of metabolic syndrome correlates with an elevation in serum uric acid as well as a marked increase in total fructose intake (in the form of table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup). Fructose raises uric acid, and the latter inhibits nitric oxide bioavailability. Because insulin requires nitric oxide to stimulate glucose uptake, we hypothesized that fructose-induced hyper...

The objective of this study was to determine whether the effects of a fructose diet, which causes hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension in male rats, are dependent on sex. Blood pressure was measured via the tail-cuff method, and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to assess insulin sensitivity. Blood pressure in female rats did not differ between fructose-fed and contr...