OBJECTIVE The study assessed non-barrier contraceptive use among female sex workers (FSW) in Andhra Pradesh, India and relation to inconsistent condom use among commercial and non-commercial male sexual partners. METHODS FSW at least 18 years of age (n=2338) were recruited through respondent-driven sampling for an HIV risk survey. Analysis was restricted to women of childbearing age (n=2197)....

OBJECTIVE Estimate the potential impact of Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative, among female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients in five districts of Karnataka state, south India. DESIGN Examination of time trends in sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV prevalence from serial cross-sectional surveys, combined with mathematical modelling. METHODS Survey data from each district were used t...

BACKGROUND India has an estimated 2.0 million to 3.1 million people living with HIV; it has the highest number of HIV-positive people in Asia and ranks third in the world. The Frontiers Prevention Project (FPP) was implemented in 2002 to conduct targeted prevention intervention geared towards female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP). This ...

BACKGROUND FSWs who inject drugs (FSW-IDUs) can acquire HIV through high risk sexual and injection behaviors. We studied correlates of HIV infection among FSW-IDUs in northern Mexico, where sex work is quasi-legal and syringes can be legally obtained without a prescription. METHODS FSW-IDUs>18 years old who reported injecting drugs and recent unprotected sex with clients in Tijuana and Ciudad...

Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process. High strength aluminum alloys are widely used in aircraft and marine industries. Generally, the mechanical properties of fusion welded aluminum joints are poor. As friction stir welding occurs in solid state, no solidification structures are created thereby eliminating the brittle and eutectic phases common in fusion welding of high streng...

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a recently-developed technique where metals are joined together through mechanical stirring. FSW, often performed by robotic welders, is being used in an increasing number of industries such as aerospace, maritime and transportation. FSW has proven to be very effective and has replaced fusion welding and riveting in a number of manufacturing processes. In order to...

The U.S. Navy recommends submarine escape for depths down to 600 fsw, with deeper escapes entailing the risks of decompression sickness, nitrogen (N2) narcosis and CNS oxygen (O2) toxicity. However, the escape equipment, including the submarine escape and immersion equipment and the escape trunk, could probably function even at 1,000 fsw. Here we report a theoretical analysis of the risks of bo...

Abstract The aluminium alloys 5052 and 6082 are extensively used in manufacturing lighter structural members, having improved strength resistance to corrosion. Magnesium (Mg) Chromium (Cr) powder were the filler materials selected for enhanced corrosion protection properties this investigation. Friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters viz., spindle speed, shoulder penetration, centre dist...

Friction stir welding (FSW) tool pin, as a critical component of FSW tool, plays an important role in determining the final joint properties by affecting heat generation, plastic material flow, loads, and so on. However, effects pin on mass transfer are not elucidated quantitative studied. In present study, validated model was adopted to quantitatively analyze size taper angle thermal process f...