In this paper, an exact analytical solution for free vibration of rotating bi-layered cylindrical shell composed of two independent functionally graded layers was presented. The thicknesses of the shell layers were assumed to be equal and constant. The material properties of the constituents of bi-layered FGM cylindrical shell were graded in the thickness direction of the layers of the shell ac...

A novel technique to characterize the transition phenomenon from solid to melt of Al-Al₃Ni functionally graded material (FGM) through a wavelet analysis for the development of a thixoforming system is investigated. Identification of an optimum semi-solid condition for thixoforming is necessary not only for the construction of a system but also the fabrication of a near-net-shape product with fi...

Probabilistic fracture analyses are performed for investigating uncertain fracture response of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) structures. The First-Order-Reliability-Method (FORM) is implemented into an existing Finite Element code for FGM (FE-FGM), which was previously developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [2]. The computational simulation will be used in order to est...

A novel and effective formulation that combines the eXtended IsoGeometric Approach (XIGA) and Higher-order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT) is proposed to study the free vibration of cracked Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates. Herein, the general HSDT model with five unknown variables per node is applied for calculating the stiffness matrix without needing Shear Correction Factor (SCF). I...

Functional graphenic material (FGM) scaffolds instruct bacterial attachment through electrostatic interactions with the cell wall.

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) offer discrete or continuously changing properties/compositions over the volume of parts. The widespread application FGMs was not rapid enough in past due to limitations manufacturing methods. Significant developments technologies especially Additive Manufacturing (AM) enable us nowadays manufacture materials with specified changes volume/surface components....

in this paper, the interface crack of two non-homogenous functionally graded materials is studied. subsequently, with employing the displacement method for fracture of mixed-mode stress intensity factors, the continuous variation of material properties are calculated. in this investigation, the displacements are derived with employing of the functional graded material programming and analysis o...

A new mixed four-node quadrilateral element (MiQ4) is established in this paper to investigate functionally graded material (FGM) plates with variable thickness. The proposed developed based on the first-order shear deformation and finite technique, so does not need any selective or reduced numerical integration. Numerous basic tests have been carried out demonstrate accuracy convergence of ele...

Thick shells have attracted much attention in recent years as intelligent and functional graded materials because of their unique properties. In this review paper, some critical issues and problems in the development of thick shells made from Functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) are discussed. This review has been conducted on various types of methods which are available for thick ...