More breast cancers are diagnosed in the left breast than the right. The ratio (l/r) is called the laterality ratio. We analyzed 1.2 million cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the US between 1973 and 2010 and recorded by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. We found that the laterality ratio depends upon the country of birth, but not race of the patient. We identifie...

Abnormalities of embryonic patterning are hypothesized to underlie many common congenital malformations in humans including congenital heart defects (CHDs), left-right disturbances (L-R) or laterality, and holoprosencephaly (HPE). Studies in model organisms suggest that Nodal-like factors provide instructions for key aspects of body axis and germ layer patterning; however, the complex genetics ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography (3D TOF MRA) often discloses prominent posterior cerebral artery (PCA) laterality in the setting of M1-segment middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. We sought to analyze the implications of prominent PCA laterality at 3D TOF MRA. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 3D TOF MRA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) fin...

Despite significant scientific advances, the nature of the left-hemispheric systems involved in language (speech and gesture) and manual actions is still unclear. To date, investigations of human laterality focused mainly on non-communication functions. Although gestural laterality data have been published for infants and children, relatively little is known about laterality of human gestural c...

All paired muscle systems are represented in the brain by paired controlling centres. Dominance, or leading control of the function, may be entirely leftsided, in which case the organs controlled are dominant on the right side, or entirely right-sided. If some centres are on the left and some on the right side of the brain, the condition is called crossed laterality. The dominance may be fixed,...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of functional MR imaging (fMRI) activation (volume and laterality) within both inferior frontal and temporoparietal regions of interest for both receptive and expressive language tasks. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers participated in fMRI experiments for 6 language tasks: verb generation, confrontation naming, ...

Although left-right (L-R) asymmetry is a fundamental feature of higher-order brain function, little is known about how asymmetry defects of the brain affect animal behavior. Previously, we identified structural and functional asymmetries in the circuitry of the mouse hippocampus resulting from the asymmetrical distribution of NMDA receptor GluR ε2 (NR2B) subunits. We further examined the ε2 asy...

Functional laterality of cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation in chronotropic and inotropic effects is well known. Whether left (LSNA) and right (RSNA) cardiac sympathetic nerve activities show laterality during dynamic baroreflex activation remains to be determined. In nine anesthetized, vagotomized, and aortic-denervated rabbits, we randomly perturbed intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) in bot...

Motor imagery (MI) mostly activates the same brain regions as movement execution (ME) including the primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4, BA4). However, whether BA4 is functionally relevant for MI remains controversial. The finding that MI tasks are impaired by BA4 virtual lesions induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) supports this view, though previous studies do not permit to ex...