We address the problem of planning the cap~ city augmentation of a packet-switching network with given routing and topology under uncertainty of future costs and traffic requirements. Recent advances in hierarchical planning and lagrangean relaxation techniques allow to minimize the present cost plus the expected value of future costs, without exceeding a specified threshold for the average delay.

The rise of the periphrastic future (PF) at the expense of the inflected future (IF) is an established historical trend in Québécois French over at least the past 150 years. Previous research has also found higher rates of PF among younger speakers, many displaying categorical use in affirmative contexts. Because an apparent time interpretation of the synchronic data fits the historical record,...

Measurements in a highly polluted Asian mega city: observations of aerosol number size distribution, modal parameters and nucleation events P. Mönkkönen, I. K. Koponen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, K. Hämeri , R. Uma, and M. Kulmala University of Helsinki, Department of Physical Sciences, Finland Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New De...

The aim of this study is to reflect on how the longstanding contradiction between order and conflict in urban contexts now articulated context smart cities. Apparently, cities are best place live enjoy greater capacity for choice, self-determination, well-being independence. But really case? Are their technological drift towards increasingly wider spaces control able guarantee wide freedom? Wha...

The discourse surrounding sustainability, particularly in the urban environment, has gained considerable momentum recent years. concept of a smart city epitomises integration innovative technological solutions with community-centred approaches, thereby laying groundwork for sustainable lifestyle. One crucial components this is effective and management waste. aim article was to classify scientif...