background & objectives:airq software proved to be a valid and reliable tool to estimate the potential short term effects of air pollution. in this study the airq2.2.3 model was used to evaluate adverse health effects caused by nitrogen dioxide(no2) exposure in ahvaz during 2009. materials & methods:the airq,developed by the world health organization (who) to predict health endpoints a...

BACKGROUND Some women may benefit from taking tamoxifen citrate for breast cancer prevention if the probability of benefit outweighs that of adverse events. We determined the proportion of women aged 40 to 69 years attending general internal medicine practices who were potentially eligible for tamoxifen chemoprevention and calculated the maximum proportion of breast cancers that could be preven...

BACKGROUND The goal of breast cancer screening is to reduce breast cancer mortality. Mammography is the standard screening method for detecting breast cancer early. Breast MRI is recommended to be used in conjunction with mammography for screening subsets of women at high risk for breast cancer. We offer the first study to provide national estimates of breast MRI use among women in the United S...

BACKGROUND Evidence-based screening guidelines are needed for women under 40 with a family history of breast cancer, a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, or other risk factors. An accurate assessment of breast cancer risk is required to balance the benefits and risks of surveillance, yet published studies have used narrow risk assessment schemata for enrollment. Breast density limits the sensitivity of f...

Assessing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer starts with obtaining a complete and accurate family history. This can reveal evidence of inherited cancer risk. The highest risk of cancer is associated with germ-line abnormalities in several genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Moderate-risk genes associated with syndromes that are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern (such as Cowden'...

M e t h o d s Design: Randomized controlled trial. Allocation: Concealed.* Blinding: Blinded (clinicians, participants, and outcome assessors).* Follow-up period: Mean 3.9 years. Setting: Nearly 200 clinical centers in North America. Participants: 19747 postmenopausal women ≥ 35 years of age (mean 59 y, 93% white) whose 5-year predicted breast cancer risk was ≥ 1.66% (mean 4.03%) based on the G...

In an Editorial accompanying PLOS Medicine's Special Issue on Advances in Prevention, Treatment and Cure of HIV/AIDS, Guest Editors Steven Deeks, Sharon Lewin, and Linda-Gail Bekker discuss priorities in the field and the content of the issue.

University for a number of helpful suggestions. The authors want to especially thank Gail Parr of the National Center for Health Statistics for constructing the restricted-use version of the Mortality Detail Data we use for this project.

existence of heavy minerals in waters in some regions causes serious environmental pollution and affects the soil and water resources quality. soil and waters sensitive to pollutants were investigated in this research, based on the degree of sensitivity of their parameters. the samples obtained from industrial and agricultural areas for identifying water tables at higher risk and display region...