Introduction: The safety of the Unites States’ natural gas supply is of prime importance since 30% of the energy produced in the country is derived from it. Natural gas is supplied through a million miles of vast pipeline network [1]. Pipeline companies have an impressive safety record due to the proactive role of standards and inspection of pipelines. Since the pipelines are getting old, there...

Natural gas demand in the United States has been increasing for the last 15 years and is projected to grow substantially in the next 20 years. Meeting this growing demand will require an accompanying increase in supply, which is expected to come mostly from additional production in the United States. The prospect of increased U.S. production has led to ongoing efforts both to better assess our ...

Very few industries can benefit more from maximizing supply chain efficiencies than the oil and gas companies. However, the behavior of such supply chains is too complex to be modeled analytically. Multi-agent systems show great similarity with respect to supply chains and provide the flexibility to model the complexities and dynamics of real world supply chains without excessive simplifying as...

The presence of free water adversely affects the operation gas supply systems, causing corrosion elements, formation vapor locks in pipelines, ice and hydrate at low temperatures, especially when using liquefied hydrocarbon gases with a high content butanes. quantitative characteristics systems based on underground tanks butane are determined main provisions thermodynamic equilibrium liquid pha...

Light olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylenes, are basic building blocks for petrochemicals. Further, these olefins are also useful for production of clean fuels such as alkylates – which have high octanes but no sulfur, olefins, and aromatics – or as octaneenhancers such as ethers. The conventional olefin production process is steam cracking of C2−C4 light paraffins from natural gas...