The transport systems are dependent on the fossil fuels especially liquid fuels and these fuels are depleting at much faster rate than production. The consumption of fossil fuels is very unstable and directly affects the economy of our country as we are importing it from other nations so this factor has urged us to find other alternatives to prolong the usage of petroleum. Thus, by using bio-fu...

Introduction Reforming (i.e., partial oxidation, steam reforming, or autothermal reforming (ATR)) of infrastructure fuels, such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, or diesel, is one approach being investigated for distributed H2 production for use with fuel cell systems being developed for automotive and stationary applications. One area of interest is reforming gasoline either o...

This study discusses the performance and exhaust emissions of a vehicle fueled with low content alcohol (ethanol and methanol) blends and pure gasoline. The vehicle tests were performed at wide-open throttle and at vehicle speeds of 40 km h 1, 60 km h 1, 80 km h 1 and 100 km h 1 by using an eddy current chassis dynamometer. The test results obtained with the use of alcoholegasoline blends (5 an...

Understanding the sensitivity of gasoline demand to changes in prices and income has important implications for policies related to climate change, optimal taxation and national security, to name only a few. While the short-run price and income elasticities of gasoline demand in the United States have been studied extensively, the vast majority of these studies focus on consumer behavior in the...

the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of various refining processes’ conditions on conjugated dienes in soybean oil. conjugated dienes contents of soybean oil were found to undergo reduction in neutralization and bleaching steps while being increased in deodorization. it was observed that alkali refining (neutralization) through 12 and 14 °bé, bleaching with either acid ac...

In this paper, we address the question: To what extent is the quantum state preparation of multiatom clusters (before they are injected into the microwave cavity) instrumental for determining not only the kind of machine we may operate, but also the quantitative bounds of its performance? Figuratively speaking, if the multiatom cluster is the “crude oil”, the question is: Which preparation of t...

Understanding the sensitivity of gasoline demand to changes in prices and income has important implications for policies related to climate change, optimal taxation and national security, to name only a few. While the short-run price and income elasticities of gasoline demand in the United States have been studied extensively, the vast majority of these studies focus on consumer behavior in the...

A series of sunlight-irradiated, smog-chamber experiments confirmed that the atmospheric organic aerosol formation potential of whole gasoline vapor cna be accounted for solely in terms of the aromatic fraction of the fuel. The total amount of secondary organic aerosol produced from the atmospheric oxidation of whole gasoline vapor can be represented as the sum of the contributions of the indiv...

This paper calculates the optimal gasoline tax for the state of California. According to our analysis, the optimal gasoline tax in California is $1.37/gallon, which is over 3 times the current California tax when excluding sales taxes. The Pigovian tax is the largest part of this tax, comprising $0.85/gallon. Of this, the congestion externality is taxed the most heavily, at $0.27, followed by o...

Introduction In a recent working paper, Christopher Knittel and Aaron Smith attack our paper on “The impact of ethanol production on US and regional gasoline markets relating ethanol production to gasoline prices" as published in 2009 in Energy Policy. Our work found that as ethanol production increased, the price of gasoline fell relative to the price of crude oil. Knittel and Smith (K and S) ...