The aim of the study was to explore the genetic architecture influencing weight of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles. The weights of the slow-twitch soleus, the mixed gastrocnemius, the fast-twitch tibialis anterior (TA), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were 11-34% greater (P < 0.001) in 200-day-old C57BL/6J (B6) than in DBA/2J (D2) mice. Male muscles were 13-28% larger than fe...

The purpose of the current study was to examine IGFBP-3, -4, and -5 mRNA and protein expression levels as a function of muscle type, age, and regrowth from an immobilization-induced atrophy in Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. IGFBP-3 mRNA expression in the 4-mo-old animals was significantly higher in the red and white portions of the gastrocnemius muscle compared with the soleus muscle. However...

BACKGROUND Current teaching suggests increased perfusion in free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flaps over pedicled TRAM flaps, broadening indications for its use in high risk patients. This study compared perfusion analysis of free muscle-sparing versus pedicle TRAM flaps in vivo in the peri-operative and late post-operative periods. METHODS The SPY-Elite system using indocy...

the potential changes in neuromuscular blockade after chronic (>24 h) administration of sub-paralytic doses of two newly introduced aminosteroidal muscle relaxants were investigated. org-9426 (rocuronium) and org-9487 were studied in the in vivo guinea pig gastrocnemius muscle-sciatic nerve preparation. the problems seen after prolonged administration of muscle relaxants are thought to arise fr...

MUSCLE ATROPHY IS THE RESULT OF TWO OPPOSING CONDITIONS THAT CAN BE FOUND IN PATHOLOGICAL OR DISEASED MUSCLES: an imbalance in protein synthesis and degradation mechanisms. Thus, we investigated whether exogenous melatonin could regulate muscle components in stroke-induced muscle atrophy in rats. Comparing muscle phenotypes, we found that long-term melatonin administration could influence muscl...

Antioxidant nutrients have demonstrated potential in protecting against exercise-induced oxidative stress. alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) is a proglutathione dietary supplement that is known to strengthen the antioxidant network. We studied the effect of intragastric LA supplementation (150 mg/kg, 8 wk) on tissue LA levels, glutathione metabolism, and lipid peroxidation in rats at rest and after exhaus...

The Achilles tendon (AT) consists of distinct fascicle bundles arising from the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles that intertwine and twist before inserting onto the calcaneus [1]. Current musculoskeletal models simplify this architecture by representing the gastrocnemius and soleus as independent muscle-tendon actuators [2], which may be an appropriate assumption if the fascicles freely slide r...

BACKGROUND Infected sternotomy wounds occur in 0.5 to 8.4 percent of open heart operations. They are complex problems, with a mortality rate of 8.1 to 14.8 percent despite flap closure. For closure, the pectoralis major flap has had considerable success. However, in providing coverage to the lower third of the sternum, it may be deficient. Modifications to improve closure have included a rectus...

Introduction The soleus muscle arises primarily by two heads, which are united by a tendinous arch. The fibular head of the soleus arises from the head of the fibula and about third of the shaft; the tibial head arises from the soleal line on the tibia. Muscular fibers of the soleus end in a broad aponeurosis and unite with aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius to form tendo calcaneus. It is supplie...

PURPOSE Open lower leg fractures are frequently associated with severe soft tissue damage, followed by osteomyelitis. Using an animal experimental model, we investigated the effect of timing of coverage of a tibial fracture with a local muscle flap. METHODS 80 rabbits had a tibial fracture induced in a standardised fashion, which was stabilised by screw osteosynthesis. After 3 (group A; n=40)...