Recently, a one-parameter deformation of the Maldacena-Núñez background was constructed in hep-th/0505100. According to the Lunin-Maldacena conjecture, the background is dual to pure N = 1 SYM in the IR coupled to a KK sector whose dynamics is altered by a dipole deformation that is proportional to the deformation parameter γ. Thus, the deformation serves to identify the aspects of the gravity ...

The idea of a discrete space-time has been introduced by physicists in the past in several different ways. Heisenberg advocated a fundamental length, Snyder has proposed a position operator with discrete spectrum, Ahmavaara has carried out a physical model on a cubic lattice, which is embedded in a finite linear space over a Galois field. Recently the use of discrete space-time variables in Lat...

1. THE PROBLEM On a square lattice (we consider here a D=2+1 lattice for simplicity) the exact rotational symmetry is confined to rotations that are integer multiples of π/2. If we attempt to build operators of spin J from basic components that are identical – that is, related by a lattice symmetry – then there is an ambiguity: exp(iJθ) ≡ exp(iJ ′ θ) ∀θ = nπ 2 (1) if J ′ = J + 4N ∀N (2) Thus, f...

The role of the Taub time gauge in cosmology is linked to the use of the densitized lapse function instead of the lapse function in the variational principle approach to the Einstein equations. The spatial metric variational equations then become the Ricci evolution equations, which are then supplemented by the Einstein constraints which result from the variation with respect to the densitized ...

Dynamical mass generation of a two-component fermion in QED3 with a ChernSimons term is investigated by solving the Schwinger-Dyson equation formulated in the lowest ladder approximation. Dependence of the dynamical fermion mass on a gauge-fixing parameter, a gauge coupling constant, and a topological mass is examined by approximated analytical and also numerical methods. The inclusion of the C...

It is shown how the pinch technique algorithm may be consistently extended beyond the one-loop level to obtain the gauge-independent two-loop fermion self-energy −iΣ̂(p) in QCD in the pinch technique approach. The starting point for the construction is the general diagrammatic representation of the two-loop quark self-energy in terms of renormalized one-loop twoand three-point function and tree ...

The main task of drilling the formation by the bit is done via scraping, crushing and grinding. Discharging the fluid from the bit nozzles is done with high pressure which assists to break the rocks. Different parameters affect the bit selection and design for each drilling formation, but the most important one is drillability that depends on hardness of the formation. In this paper, the design...

the bft approach is used to formulate the electronic states in graphene through a non-commutative space in the presence of a constant magnetic field b for the first time. in this regard, we introduce a second class of constrained system, which is not gauge symmetric but by applying bft method and extending phase space, the second class constraints  converts  to the first class constraints so th...