With increased demand for smallpox vaccination during the nineteenth century, vaccination days--early mass vaccination campaigns--were conducted over time-limited periods to rapidly and efficiently protect maximum numbers of susceptible persons. Two centuries later, the challenge to rapidly and efficiently protect populations by mass vaccintion continues, despite the strengthening of routine im...

The role of multilateral donor agencies in global health is a new area of research, with limited research on how these agencies differ in terms of their governance arrangements, especially in relation to transparency, inclusiveness, accountability, and responsiveness to civil society. We argue that historical analysis of the origins of these agencies and their coalition formation processes can ...

Soon after assuming office on July 21, 2003, the new Director-General of WHO, Jong-Wook Lee, announced plans to launch several global health initiatives: reenergising primary health care to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), launching the ambitious 3 by 5 initiative to expand access to antiretroviral drug treatment to 3 million HIV-positive people by 2005, and accelerating country...

BACKGROUND The heads of the Global Fund and the GAVI Alliance have recently promoted the idea of an international tiered pricing framework for medicines, despite objections from civil society groups who fear that this would reduce the leeway for compulsory licenses and generic competition. This paper explores the extent to which an international tiered pricing framework and the present leeway f...

This piece summarizes the presentations and discussions at a meeting on pneumococcal disease surveillance in the Americas that was held in Mexico City, Mexico, on 2 November 2004. This meeting was organized by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the Pneumococcal Vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP) of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (...

BACKGROUND Data on rotavirus burden among children in the 15 newly independent states of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, particularly contemporary data from poorer countries, are not widely available. These data are desired by policy makers to assess the value of rotavirus vaccination, especially since the GAVI Alliance approved financial support for the region's eligible countr...

The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin is transcriptionally up-regulated in response to iron loading, but the mechanisms by which iron levels are sensed are not well understood. Large-scale genetic screens in the zebrafish have resulted in the identification of hypochromic anemia mutants with a range of mutations affecting conserved pathways in iron metabolism and heme synthesis. We hypothesized ...

BACKGROUND There has been no population-based study on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence or its genotypes in Bangladesh; a country eligible for GAVI funding for HPV vaccine. METHODS We used baseline survey data of a prospective cohort study that was conducted in one urban and one rural area of Bangladesh. A total of 997 urban and 905 rural married women, aged 13 to 64 years, were enrolled...

[Metadata] Financiamiento: Los autores no recibieron ningún financiamiento específico de este artículo. Conflictos de interés: Los autores han declarado que no existen conflictos de interés. Citación: Danovaro-Holliday MC, Garcia S, de Quadros C, Tambini G, Andrus JK (2008) Progress in vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in the Americas. PLoS Med 5(4): e87. doi:10.1371/journal.pme...

Abstract Background In Uganda, there are persistent weaknesses in obtaining accurate, reliable and complete data on local external investments immunization to guide planning, financing, resource mobilization. This study aimed measure describe the financial envelope for from 2012 2016 analyze expenditures at sub-national level. Methods The Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011 methodology was us...