Pathogenic bacteria are microorganisms that cause disease in humans because grow cosmopolitan with human life, both on land and underwater. This research aimed to obtain mangrove sediment have the potential as antibacterial antifungal from sediments Semarang Karimunjawa waters. Mangrove waters, well identification of their compounds using GCMS method. Sediment samples were collected Karimunjawa...

Lakes, either artificial or natural, are greatly important as a component in their catchments’ hydrology, but also ecosystem service providers. However, due to climate change, they have begun face numerous problems with water quality and quantity. Furthermore, general circulation models (GCMs) show future change reduction rainfall increase temperature. The aim of the current study is present an...

An important step toward improving radiative transfer codes in general circulation models (GCMs) is to thoroughly evaluate them either by comparison to measurements directly or by comparing them to other data-validated radiation models. The Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) shortwave (SW) radiation model accurately reproduces direct beam fluxes from the Line-by-Line Radiative Transfer Model...

Many general circulation models (GCMs) share similar biases in the representation of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the Atlantic, even when they are forced with the time series of the observed sea surface temperature (SST). Specifically, they overestimate precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere in boreal spring and in the Caribbean region in boreal summer. The majority of the mod...

An important motivation for AMMA is the major regional scale and multi-decadal West African drought. It started at the end of the 1960’s, and was particularly severe in the seventies and eighties (Figure 1). It is indeed considered as the strongest observed event of rainfall variability at these time and space scales, and the actual mechanisms accounting for this drought are yet to be precisely...

[1] Several state‐of‐the‐art general circulation models (GCMs) predict that large volcanic eruptions should result in anomalous dry conditions throughout much of monsoon Asia. Here, we use long and well‐validated proxy reconstructions of Asian droughts and pluvials to detect the influence of volcanic radiative forcing on the hydroclimate of the region since the late Medieval period. Superposed ...