BACKGROUND Gender differences in depression are well established. Whether these differences persist into late life and in the years preceding death is less clear. There is a suggestion that there is no increased likelihood of depression in late life, but that there is an increase in depressive symptomology, particularly with proximity to death. We compared trajectories of probable depression an...

In this article, Bettcher argues that sexual attraction must be reconceptualized in light of transgender experience. In particular, Bettcher defends the theory of "erotic structuralism," which replaces an exclusively other-directed account of gendered attraction with one that includes a gendered eroticization of self as an essential component. This erotic experience of self is necessary for oth...

Gender identity disorder (GID), recently renamed gender dysphoria (GD), is a rare condition characterized by an incongruity between gender identity and biological sex. Clinical evidence suggests that schizophrenia occurs in patients with GID at rates higher than in the general population and that patients with GID may have schizophrenia-like personality traits. Conversely, patients with schizop...

Two mild stress paradigms were used in the present study: acute (i.e. three injections of saline over 24 h) and subchronic (i.e. single daily injection of saline for 7 d). These mild stress procedures did not alter the behaviour of wild-type mice in the forced swim test. However, male BDNF+/- mice exhibited increased immobility in the forced swim test after mild stress. This genotypic differenc...

Men are often portrayed - in research studies, 'common-sense' accounts and popular media - as reluctant users of health services. They are said to avoid going to the GP whenever possible, while women are portrayed, in presumed opposition, as consulting more readily, more frequently and with less serious complaints. Such stereotypes may inadvertently encourage doctors to pay greater heed to men'...

This study employs a narrative approach to explore the relationship between gender and video gaming using a postmodern theoretical perspective. At issue here is the meaning ascribed to the construction and iterative performance of gender identity by self-identified female gamers. Using an alternative to the conventional multicase methodology (which inscribes stark demarcations around distinct c...

The 'extreme male brain theory of autism' describes an extreme male pattern of cognitive traits defined as strong systemising abilities paired with empathising weaknesses in autism spectrum disorder. However, beyond these cognitive traits, clinical observations have suggested an ambiguous gender-typed pattern regarding several sexually dimorphic traits. The aim of the present study was to inves...

This review presents the major findings in studies on humans of chromosomal, gonadal, prenatal hormonal and environmental contributions to sex dimorphic behaviors. The hypotheses derived from these studies are evaluated. Findings relevant to possible biological antecedents in the formation of gender identity, gender role behaviors, sexual orientation and “parenting” behaviors are reviewed and c...

• Assessed implicit self-esteem, gender identity and gender attitudes in 5-